增氧灌溉对氧气扩散速率和冬小麦养分利用的改善研究

为研究土壤氧气扩散速率(ODR)和作物养分利用对不同增氧灌溉方式的响应,以地下滴灌为供水方式,设置循环曝气(VAI)、H₂O₂(HP30、HP3K)和常规水对照(CK)4种灌溉处理,通过盆栽冬小麦试验,系统分析ODR、作物产量和养分利用规律。结果表明,VAI和HP30处理后48 h内20 cm土层深度的ODR较CK均有明显改善,拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期经VAI处理后的ODR分别提高60.45%、73.77%和87.88%(P<0.05),拔节和抽穗期经HP30处理的ODR分别提高21.37和23.61%(P<0.05)。VAI和HP30处理后的产量、水分利用效率分别较CK显著提高了36.27%、38.98%和23.37%、21.47%。增氧灌溉促进了作物养分的利用,与CK相比,VAI冬小麦的N、P、K吸收总量分别提高了53.23%、107.41%和72.94%(P<0.05),HP3K冬小麦的P、K吸收总量提高了39.51%、56.19%(P<0.05),HP30冬小麦的N、P吸收总量提高了50.32%、29.63%(P<0.05);VAI和HP30冬小麦N的养分吸收效率较CK提高了43.64%和34.55%(P<0.05),VAI和HP3K籽粒的N素分配率较CK增加了8.33%和6.94%(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,ODR与冬小麦的N、P吸收总量呈显著正相关;VAI和HP30籽粒的N吸收量和产量呈显著正相关。综上,增氧灌溉改善了ODR,提高了作物的产量和水分利用效率,促进了作物对养分的吸收利用,VAI效果最为显著。本研究结果为增氧灌溉技术提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

Oxygation Promotes Soil Oxygen Diffusion Rate and Nutrient Utilization of Winter Wheat

The effect of oxygen diffusion rate in soil and crop nutrient utilization under different oxygation techniques were investigated with winter wheat as a test crop. Four irrigation treatments were set up, including venturi aerated irrigation (VAI), 15 mg·L^-1 hydrogen peroxides 3000 (HP3K), 15 mg·L^-1 hydrogen peroxides 0030 (HP30) and a non-aerated water (CK) through subsurface drip irrigation. Results show that, compared to the non-aerated treatment (CK) soil oxygen diffusion rate increase in 48 hours after irrigation under oxygation treatments. Among which, soil oxygen diffusion rate at jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage in VAI treatment increase by 60.45%, 73.77% and 87.88% than that in CK treatment (P<0.05), soil oxygen diffusion rate at the jointing stage and heading stage in HP30 treatment increase by 21.37% and 23.61%, respectively. Oxygation treatments promote wheat yield. Compared to CK, the yield under VAI and HP30 treatments increase by 36.27% and 23.37% (P<0.05), and the water-use efficiency increase by 38.98% and 21.47%, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile, oxygation enhances wheat nutrient utilization. Compared to CK, the wheat N, P, K uptake in VAI treatment increase by 53.23%, 107.41% and 72.94%, respectively (P<0.05), the wheat P, K uptake in HP3K treatment increase by 39.51% and 56.19% (P<0.05), and the wheat N, P uptake in HP30 treatment increase by 50.32% and 29.63% (P<0.05). The nutrient utilization efficiency of N under VAI and HP30 treatments increase by 43.64% and 34.55% (P<0.05), and N partitioning ratio in grains under VAI and HP3K treatments increase by 8.33% and 6.94% compared to CK (P<0.05). Statistical analysis shows a significantly positive correlations between oxygen diffusion rate and crop N and P utilization (P<0.05), and significantly positive correlations between grain N accumulation and crop yield under VAI and HP30 treatments. In conclusion, oxygation improves oxygen diffusion rate in the root zone, promotes crop nutrient utilization, and increases crop yield and water use efficiency. Among the three oxygation treatments, VAI ranges in the top one. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for aerated irrigation technology.