高密度短生育期基质栽培对甘薯产量和品质的影响

为给高密度短生育期基质栽培的甘薯实生系筛选提供依据,本研究采用122份甘薯品系,进行密度25株·m^-2、生育期60 d的基质栽培(T1)与密度5株·m^-2、生育期90 d的大田常规栽培(T2)的对比试验,测定单株重、单株结薯数和典型薯块的单薯重、直径、长度等产量性状以及干物质、胡萝卜素、花青素、熟薯可溶性糖、熟薯还原糖含量和熟薯食味等品质性状,研究高密度短生育期基质栽培对甘薯产量和品质的影响,并与大田常规栽培90 d的产量、品质性状进行关联分析。结果表明,与T2相比,T1除了花青素含量差异较小外,块根的产量和品质性状均明显下降。在产量性状上,2种栽培方法间的单株重、单薯重、单株结薯数均呈显著正相关,薯块形状呈弱正相关。在品质性状上,与T2相比,T1微型薯的花青素、胡萝卜素、干物质、熟薯可溶性糖、熟薯还原糖含量和食味均存在劣变型、稳定型和优变型3种品质变化类型,但2种栽培方法间的薯块品质性状均呈极显著正相关。因此,利用高密度短生育期基质栽培,可以进行微型薯的薯肉色、干物质含量和食味品质筛选以及单株重、结薯数、典型薯块重量和形状的早熟性筛选,为早...

Effects of Substrate Culture With High Density and Short Growth Period on Yield and Quality of Sweetpotato

In order to provide a basis for screening of seedlings in substrate culture with high density and short growth period, a comparative experiment was carried out between the treatment in substrate culture (named T1, a density of 25 plants·m^-2 and the growth period of 60 days) and conventional field culture (named T2, a density of 5 plants·m^-2and the growth period of 90 days) using 122 sweetpotato strains in this study. The yield traits of these strains were determined including root weight per plant and root number per plant, weight, diameter and length of the typical sampled root, as well as the quality traits of these strains were evaluated such as the contents of dry matter, carotene and anthocyanin of fresh sweetpotato root, soluble sugar content, reducing sugar content and the taste quality of steamed sweetpotato root, in addition to the effects of the substrate culture on the yield and quality traits of sweetpotato in correlation with those of conventional field culture. The results demonstrated that the yield and quality traits of root tubers in T1 decreased significantly compared with T2, except for the small differences in anthocyanin content. In terms of yield traits, there was a significant positive correlation between the two cultivation methods in root weight per plant and number of root per plant, and a weak positive correlation in root shape. In terms of quality traits, the contents of anthocyanin, carotene, dry matter, soluble sugar and reducing sugar, and taste of micro-root tuber in T1 displayed three types of quality changes including deterioration, stabilization and majorization compared with T2, however, there was an apparent positive correlation between the two culture methods. Therefore, the screening for traits of micro-root tubers such as flesh color, dry matter content and taste quality, as well as root weight per plant, root number per plant, weight and shape of the typical sampled root, and early maturity could be conducted in substrate culture with high density and short growth period, and provide a new method for screening of seedings in edible sweetpotato breeding with early maturity and high quality.