灵芝栽培病原真菌的鉴定及异硫氰酸烯丙酯对其抑制效果的研究

为了探究灵芝段木栽培过程中杂菌侵染的主要病原真菌组成及其防控措施,首先对发病灵芝段木及灵芝子实体的病原菌进行分离纯化,采用形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析进行鉴定,然后研究分离菌株的生物学特性以及异硫氰酸烯丙酯对分离病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,分离获得的4株病原真菌菌株,其中OTA为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus),OTB和OTD为青霉菌(Penicillium infrabuccalum),OTC为木霉菌(Trichoderma sp.)。4株病原菌在PDA培养基生长良好,适宜温度为25～30℃;菌株OTA和OTB的最适碳源分别为木糖和葡萄糖,菌株OTC和OTD的最适碳源为果糖和蔗糖;菌株OTA和OTB的最适氮源分别为牛肉膏和尿素,菌株OTC和OTD的最适氮源为NaNO₃和蛋白胨;菌株OTB、OTC和OTD在酸性条件生长较好,而pH值对菌株OTA的生长影响较小。异硫氰酸烯丙酯对菌株OTA、OTB、OTC和OTD菌丝的生长具有良好的抑制作用,当异硫氰酸烯丙酯浓度为20μL·L^-1时,其对4株菌株的抑制率均超过97%,可作为安全的...

Identification of the Pathogenic Fungi During the Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum and Inhibition Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate on the Pathogenic Fungi

To explore the main pathogenic fungi and their prevention and control during the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, the pathogenic strains were firstly isolated and purified from G. lucidum growing wood and fruiting body that were infected by pathogenic fungi, and then identified by morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The biological characteristics of the isolated strains were further studied. Moreover, the inhibition effect of allyl isothiocyanate on the mycelial growth of the isolated strains was tested. The results showed that four pathogenic fungi were isolated and strain OTA was Aspergillus flavus; OTC was Trichoderma sp.; OTB and OTD were Penicillium infrabuccalum. The four pathogenic fungi grew well in PDA media; the suitable temperature was 25 to 30℃; the optimum carbon source was xylose, glucose, fructose and sucrose for OTA, OTB, OTC and OTD. The optimum nitrogen source was beef extract for OTA, urea for OTB, NaNO₃ for OTC and peptone for OTD, respectively. Strains OTB, OTC and OTD grew well in acid condition while the growth of OTA was not affected significantly by pH. Allyl isothiocyanate had good inhibition effect on OTA, OTB, OTC and OTD, and the inhibition rate all exceeded 97% at the dosage of 20 μL·L^-1. Allyl isothiocyanate could be used as a fumigant in the cultivation process of G. lucidum. The work provides theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pathogenic fungi during the cultivation of G. lucidum.