不同颜色防雨布对杨梅生长发育及果实品质的影响

为提高杨梅综合品质及经济效益,研究延迟杨梅成熟期、降低落果率的技术措施,在杨梅硬核期和转色期分别设置覆盖防虫网及防虫网配合覆盖白、蓝、绿、红、黑色防雨布处理,以无覆盖处理为对照(CK1),测定不同处理对杨梅生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,与CK1相比,绿色和蓝色防雨布有利于降低温度和相对湿度,而红色和黑色防雨布有利于温度升高,所有处理均显著抑制光合速率和枝梢的伸长,光合速率抑制率达30.62%~66.75%,其中转色期覆盖防虫网+绿色防雨布处理的抑制率最高。CK1的果实在成熟时100%脱落,硬核期和转色期进行防虫网单独覆盖和防虫网+黑色防雨布共4个处理的落果率在35.23%~70.49%之间,其他处理能显著降低杨梅果实落果率,落果率在16.44%~19.9%之间;防虫网+绿色防雨布处理、防虫网+蓝色防雨布处理延迟杨梅果实成熟时间最长,达5~9 d。综合分析杨梅果实总糖含量、维生素C含量等品质指标,转色期覆盖防虫网+蓝色防雨布处理的果实综合品质最佳,而覆盖防虫网+黑色防雨布处理的最差。本研究结果为有效利用不同颜色防雨布开展杨梅设施栽培、延迟杨梅供应期提供了理论指导。

Effects of Rain-proof Cloths With Different Colors on Growth and Fruit Quality of Chinese Bayberry

To delay ripening time, reduce the fruit drop rate, and improve the fruit quality and benefit of bayberry, we set up an experiment by the covering measures with insect-proof net (net) only or net with white, blue, green, red and black rain-proof cloths (cloth) during the hard-core (June 9) and color-changing phases (June 23), to study effects of the above treatments on the development and fruit quality. The results showed that net with green or blue cloth were beneficial to reduce temperature and relative humidity, while net with red and black cloth were opposite. The photosynthetic rates and shoot elongations of all the treatments were significantly inhibited with the inhibited rate of photosynthetic efficiency 30.62%-66.74%, and that of net with green cloth was the highest in the color-changing stage. At the mature stage, the fruit drop rate without net and cloth was 100%; the drop rate of treatments covered by net only and net with black cloth during the hard-core and color-changing phases were 35.23%-70.49%, and that of the other treatments were 16.44%-19.9%. Among them, the treatment of net with green or blue cloth delayed the ripen time for the longest, reaching 5-9 days. From the comprehensive analysis of the total sugar content and vitamin C content, the quality of the fruit covered with net and blue cloth was the best, and the treatment with insect net and black cloth was the worst. The results will provide theoretical guidance for effectively utilizing different color rainproof cloth to carry out facility cultivation and delay the supply period of bayberry.