基于15N示踪技术的干旱区滴灌葡萄氮素利用分析

为研究水氮调控对干旱区滴灌葡萄氮素吸收利用的影响,以新疆鲜食葡萄弗雷为试验材料,利用¹⁵N 示踪技术,设置2种灌水处理(灌水量为4 950、5 400 m³·hm^-2,分别记作W1、W2),3种施氮处理(施氮量为177、235、292 kg·hm^-2,分别记作F1、F2、F3)进行大田试验。结果表明,各处理土壤全氮含量和¹⁵N丰度差异极显著(P<0.01),并且在0~20 cm土层出现富集现象。各器官征调氮素能力随水氮投入加大极显著增强(P<0.01)。根系、茎秆、叶片器官的生物量随着吸氮量的增加极显著提高(P<0.01),而较高施氮量(F3)不利于果实器官生物量的积累。果树吸收的肥料氮量随水氮投入的加大逐渐增加,受水氮调控影响极显著(P<0.01),果树吸收的土壤氮量大于肥料氮量。W2F1的¹⁵N标记氮肥利用率和¹⁵N标记氮肥偏生产力最高,分别为38.36%和114.20 kg·kg^-1,W2F2的产量最高,为20 253 kg·hm^-2,但与W2F1差异不显著。表明水氮投入过多会引起茎秆和叶片器官徒长且不利于提高¹⁵N标记氮肥利用率。综上所述,灌水量5 400 m³·hm^-2、施氮量177 kg·hm^-2(W2F1)是兼顾经济效益与生态效应的可行水氮运筹模式。本研究结果为干旱区滴灌葡萄高产高效种植提供了参考。

Analysis of Nitrogen Utilization of Drip Irrigation Grapes in Arid Area Based on 15N Tracer Technology

In order to study effect of water and nitrogen regulation on nitrogen absorption and utilization of drip-irrigated grape in arid areas, a field experiment was carried out in this study with Xinjiang fresh grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Frey) as the experimental material and ¹⁵N tracer technique. Two irrigation levels (4 950 and 5 400 m³·hm^-2, respectively, marked as W1 and W2) and three nitrogen application levels (177, 235 and 292 kg·hm^-2, respectively, marked as F1, F2 and F3) were set in the experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences in total nitrogen content and ¹⁵N abundance among the treatments (P<0.01), and enrichment occurred in 0~20 cm soil layer. The nitrogen uptake capacity of each organ significantly increased with the increase of water and nitrogen input (P<0.01). The biomass of root, stem and leaf organs increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen uptake (P<0.01). F3 treatment was not conducive to the accumulation of biomass in fruit organs. The amount of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by fruit trees gradually increased with the increase of water and nitrogen input, which was significantly affected by the regulation of water and nitrogen (P<0.01), and the amount of soil nitrogen absorbed by fruit trees was greater than that of fertilizer nitrogen. The ¹⁵N-labeled nitrogen use efficiency and partial productivity of W2F1 were the highest, which were 38.36% and 114.20 kg·kg^-1, respectively. The yield of W2F2 was the highest, which was 20 253 kg·hm^-2, but it was not significantly different from that of W2F1. Too much water and nitrogen input would cause excessive growth of stem and leaf, and was not conducive to improving the ¹⁵N-labeled nitrogen use efficiency. In summary, W2F1 is a feasible water and nitrogen operation model with both economic and ecological effects. The results of this study provide a reference for the high yield and high efficiency planting of drip irrigation grape in arid area.