高抗性淀粉水稻研究现状与展望

随着我国居民生活水平的提高,糖尿病、肥胖症、高血压和高血脂等代谢综合病症患者日益增多。而富含抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)的淀粉类食物有益于预防与控制人体代谢综合症的发生,且在维持肠道健康,如预防和控制结肠癌、大肠息肉及肠炎等方面具有潜在应用价值。稻米是我国约65%人口的主食,其75%的干物质是淀粉,普通水稻品种RS含量低于1%,富含RS的稻米具有与高RS功能食品相同的作用,因此开展高RS水稻品种的选育及高RS稻米产品的开发具有重要意义。本文从稻米RS的分类及影响RS含量的相关因素、水稻RS形成的分子遗传机制、国内外高RS水稻开发应用现状3个方面进行综述,并对高RS水稻开发应用前景进行了展望,以期为高RS水稻育种及高RS稻米产品开发提供参考。

Research Progresses and Prospects on High Resistant Starch in Rice

With the improvement of living standards in China, there are more and more patients with metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Foods rich in high resistant starch (RS) are beneficial for prevention and control of the metabolic syndrome, and have potential applications in the maintenance of intestinal health, such as prevention and control of colon cancer, colon polyps, enteritis, and so on. Rice is the staple food for 65% population in China, starch accounts for about 75% of the dry matter in a rice grain, but the content of RS in common rice varieties is usually less than 1%, rice with high RS has the same effect as high RS functional foods, so it is very important to breeding high RS rice and developing high RS rice products. In this paper, the research progresses of rice RS were reviewed, including the classification and influence factors of RS, the genetic mechanism of the RS formation, and the application of high RS rice domestically and abroad. Meanwhile, the future of the application and development of the rice in high RS was prospected, aiming to provide some valuable theoretical references for high RS rice breeding and corresponding product development.