茄子种质表型性状鉴定与黄萎病抗性评价

为科学评价茄子种质资源,选取有代表性的茄子种质材料135份,开展茄子表型性状鉴定和黄萎病抗性分析。结果表明,供试材料存在丰富的表型变异,21个表型性状变异系数变幅为15.71%~89.86%,平均为40.09%;遗传多样性指数变幅为0.322~2.135,平均为1.348。主成分分析将21个表型性状归结为6个主因子,即果形、色泽、果重、生长势、株型和果实商品性,6个主因子累计贡献率达72.84%。基于表型数据的聚类,在Pearson相关系数0.061处,将供试材料分为4组,即栽培茄+近缘野生茄、近缘野生茄、大果型栽培茄、紫色长条形栽培茄。黄萎病抗性试验鉴定出抗病(R)材料9份、中抗(MR)材料6份、耐病材料11份,占供试材料的19.26%;在抗性材料中,仅3份为栽培种,其余均为近缘野生茄。本研究结果为茄子优异种质的发掘和有效利用提供了理论参考。

Identification of Phenotypic Traits and Verticillium wilt Resistance of Eggplant Germplasms

In order to evaluate the eggplant germplasms scientifically, 135 representative materials were selected for the identification of phenotypic traits and the analysis of verticillium wilt resistance. The results showed that there were abundant phenotypic variations among the tested germplasms. The variation coefficients of 21 phenotypic traits ranged from 15.71% to 89.86% with a mean value of 40.09%. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.322 to 2.135 with a mean value of 1.348. Principal component analysis showed that 21 phenotypic traits were classified into 6 main factors, including fruit shape, color, fruit weight, growth potential, plant type and fruit commodity. The cumulative contribution rate of 6 main factors reached 72.84%. The results of cluster analysis based on phenotypic data showed that when the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.061, 135 germplasms could be divided into four groups: included cultivated varieties and wild relatives of germplasms, were all wild relatives of germplasms, contained large fruit-type of cultivated varieties and group iv were long strip purple germplasms). The results of verticillium wilt resistance identification showed that there were nine resistant materials, six medium-resistant materials and eleven tolerant materials, which accounted for 19.26% of the tested materials. Of 11 resistant materials, only three were cultivated varieties, and the rest were wild relatives. This study provided a theoretical reference for the discovery and effective utilization of the elite eggplant germplasms.