小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体系的鉴定与评价

为了研究小麦-顶芒山羊草新种质材料的染色体组构成及开发其在育种中的利用价值,本研究利用分子标记和荧光原位杂交对小麦-顶芒山羊草杂交新种质进行鉴定,并通过小麦主要病害生理小种接种和农艺性状调查等方法对鉴定的材料进行综合评价。分子标记和原位杂交结果显示,所鉴定材料分别为小麦-顶芒山羊草2M附加系、2M(2D)代换系、2AS-2ML.2MS易位系和2DS-2ML.2MS易位系;抗病性鉴定结果表明,含2M染色体的材料均高抗小麦条锈病,其小麦亲本则高感条锈病,表明2M染色体上可能含有抗条锈病新基因;农艺性状调查分析结果表明,2M染色质导入小麦,可影响其小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重等产量性状。因此,在创制和利用抗条锈病的小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体小片段易位系时,应加强对上述农艺性状的考察,并利用当前主栽品种进行回交改良。本研究鉴定出的抗条锈病小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体系丰富了小麦抗病基因库,为小麦育种提供了新抗源。

Identification and Evaluation of Wheat-Aegilops comosa Chromosome Lines that 2M Involved

In order to clarify the genome composition of wheat-Aegilops comosa hybrid progenies and their application value in wheat breeding, molecular markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), disease resistance evaluation by inoculating physiological races of wheat main diseases, and agronomical trait investigations were conducted in this study. Molecular markers and FISH data showed that the material identified herein were wheat-Ae. comosa 2M addition, 2M(2D) substitution, 2AS-2ML.2MS translocation line and 2DS-2ML.2MS translocation line, respectively. Disease resistance evaluation indicated that the lines containing chromosome 2M were highly resistant to stripe rust, while the control wheat were susceptible, suggesting that chromosome 2M of Aegilops comosa harbor a stripe rust resistance gene. Agronomical traits investigation indicated that the introduction of 2M chromosome of Aegilops comosa into wheat background affected the yield traits such as spikelet number, grain number per spike, and grain weight per spike. Therefore, agronomical characters mentioned above should be investigated, and the current major wheat cultivars should be used for backcross improvement during the creation and utilization of stripe rust resistant wheat-Ae. comosa chromosome small fragment translocation lines that 2M involved. The stripe rust resistant wheat-Ae. comosa chromosome lines that 2M involved identified in this study enriched the wheat disease resistance gene pool and provided a new source of resistance for wheat breeding.