模拟加工对菠菜中农药残留量及膳食暴露评估的影响

采用田间喷药、室内模拟加工和气相色谱检测方法,研究了水洗、漂烫和烘干处理对菠菜中毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯残留量的影响。结果表明:在田间推荐剂量下,当毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的有效成分用量分别为0.038 8、0.001和0.01 g/m2时,经水洗和漂烫处理,菠菜中上述3种农药的残留量分别降低22.6%、53.8%和50.8%;而加倍剂量处理时,则分别降低8.5%、61.4%和40.2%;烘干处理对毒死蜱的去除作用大于50%,但对氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的去除作用仅为10%左右。对新鲜菠菜和干制菠菜的农药残留量进行膳食暴露评估的结果表明,合理的加工方式可以降低农药膳食摄入估计量的62.1%~76.7%。研究结果表明:毒死蜱的残留受水洗和漂烫影响较小,受烘干影响较大;而氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的残留受水洗与漂烫影响较大,受烘干影响较小;引入加工因子后膳食暴露评估结果更接近真实值。

Effects of simulated processing on pesticide residues in spinach and its dietary exposure assessment

The effect of processing of spinach sprayed pesticides in field,processing stimulated in lab and detection by GC on the residues of chlorpyrifos,cypermethrin and fenvalerate and its dietary exposure assessment in spinach were studied.The results showed that washing and blanching step could reduce 22.6%,53.8% and 50.8%,respectively for the pesticides mentioned above with recommended dose used in field(which was 0.0388 g/m² for chlorpyrifos,0.001 g/m² for cpermethrin and 0.01 g/m² for fenvalerate),and with double dose which was 8.5%,61.4% and 40.2%,respectively.The air dry step could eliminate the residue above 50% for chlorpyrifos,however,about 10% for cypermethrin and fenvalerate.The dietary exposure assessment was carried out for the residue in the fresh spinach and the dry spinach,respectively,and the processing factor could reduce the dietary intake with the range from 62.1% to 76.7%.The conclusion is that the loss of pesticide is less affected by washing and blanching,and more affected by dry for chlorpyrifos,however it is on the contrary for cypermethrin and fenvalerate.The dietary intake assessed with processing factor would be greatly reduced,near to the real intake.