新疆阿尔泰山区白湖水质水量基本特征

白湖位于喀纳斯国家级自然保护区的核心区域，人迹罕至，湖泊及其流域环境保持自然状态。湖水直接接受喀纳斯雪冰融水补给，湖泊基本特征的变化敏感地反映了流域的气候变化。开展核心区湖泊流域水文、水质以及生物等基本特征的调查，为了解不同气候变化背景下自然环境的变化特征与规律，为科学保护和管理环境、适应未来气候变化提供依据。据调查，目前白湖最大水深为137 m，湖泊面积约9 km²，蓄水量4.1×10⁸ m³，湖水矿化度为32.9 mg•L^-1，硬度和碱度分别为17.1 mg•L^-1和18.2 mg•L^-1，pH为8.3，水体呈弱碱性。水化学特征与喀纳斯湖接近，但水体颜色差别大。采用LEO1530VP扫描电子显微镜、INA C300 X射线能谱仪分析表明，水体中白色悬浮颗粒主要为石英矿物，并从河源区物质、河水动力以及湖水介质3个方面分析了白湖颜色形成的原因。

Analysis on Water Quality and Volume of the Baihu Lake in the Altay Mountains,Xinjiang

The Baihu Lake is located in the core area of the Kanas National Nature Reserve, where it is an untraversed region, so the natural ecological environment in its watershed is remained. Because the lake is recharged directly by glacier melt water, the environment there can sensitively reflect the actuality of regional climate change. A survey on the basic hydrologic features, water quality and biology in the core area of the nature reserve was carried out in August 2010. The results could help us to know the characteristics of natural ecological evolution under different climate background, and provide a scientific basis for conserving and managing the ecological environment and adapting climate change in the future. The surveyed results revealed that the maximum water depth of the lake was 137 m, the water area was 9 km², and the storage volume of the lake was 4.1×10⁸ m³. The water salinity, hardness and alkalinity were 32.9 mg•L-1, 17.1 mg•L^-1 and 18.2 mg•L^-1 respectively. Lake water was slightly alkaline with a pH value of 8.3. The water chemistry of the Baihu Lake was similar to that of the Kanas Lake, but the water color of these two lakes was considerably different. The LEO1530VP scanning electron microscopy and INA C300 X ray spectrometer analysis were used in the study, and the results showed that the white suspended particles in water were mainly composed of quartz minerals. In conclusion, the formation of white water color of the Baihu Lake was from three aspects: the materials from the headstream, river hydrodynamic power and lake water media.