新疆山地鸟类和哺乳类多样性及其区系特征

新疆各类陆栖脊椎动物近 70 0种 ,占中国这一类动物种数的 32 %,其中鸟兽资源尤其丰富 ,计有 42 5种鸟类和 1 5 5种兽类 (哺乳类 ) ,占中国鸟兽种数的 31 %。本文主要以新疆三大山区———阿尔泰山、天山、昆仑 -阿尔金山地区鸟类和哺乳类动物的多样性及区系分布作综合性介绍和分析。根据实地考察和以往文献资料 ,新疆阿尔泰山区记录在 1 2 4种鸟类 ,其中古北界北方型鸟类 5 1种 (占 41 .1 %) ,中亚型鸟类 31种 (占 2 5 .0 %) ,广布种鸟类 2 7种 (占 2 1 .8%) ,其他类型1 5种 (占 1 2 .1 %) ,显出以北方型泰加林鸟类为主的鸟类区系特征 ;分布的 5 0种兽类 ,区系上以古北界北方泰加林为主 ,即北方型兽类占该山区种数的 5 2 %。天山山区记录的鸟类大约2 81种 ,北方型种类占绝对优势 ,即北方型 1 0 6种 (占 37.72 %) ,北方广布型 76种 (占 2 7.0 4 %) ,中亚型 39种 (占 1 3.88%) ,高地型 1 8种 (占 6.41 %) ,广布型 33种 (占 1 1 .74%) ,东北型 9种 (占 3.2 1 %)。兽类分布有 62种 ,北方型兽类区系占优势 ,有 30种 (占 48.40 %) ,广布型 1 2种 (占 1 9.40 %) ,中亚型 1 1种 (占 1 7.70 %) ,特有种 9种 (占 1 4.5 0 %)。昆仑—阿尔金山地区 96种鸟类中 ,中亚类型成份占 2 8.1 %,高地型成分占 2 6%,北方型成?

Diversity and Fauna Characteristics of the Birds and Mammals in Montain Areas of Xinjiang

There are almost 700 species of all kinds of terraneous vertebrate in Xinjiang. They occupie 32 percent of total numbers in China. Especially they includes abundant birds and mammals, which amount to 425 species of birds and 155 species of mammals. They are of 32 percents of all the birds and mammals in China. This paper introduces and analyses the diversity and zoning distribution of the birds and mammals mainly basis on three big mountain systems-Altai Mt., Tianshan Mt., Kunlun-Altun Mt. regions.According to research on the spot and old data, there are 124 species of recorded birds in Altai Mt., which includes 51 species of Northern type birds (occupied 41.1%), 31 species of Central-Asian type birds, 27 species of widespread birds (occupied 21.8%) and 15 species of other types of birds (12.1%), the fauna characteristics of the birds is mainly northern type. 50 species of mammals are mainly north Palaearctic region; that is to say, northern type mammals occupy 52% of total number in this area. There are about 281 species of recorded birds in Tianshan Mt., the northern type is predominant, there are 106 species of northern type (37.7%), northern widespread 76 species (27%), Central-Asian type 39 species (13.9%), highland type 18 species ( 6.4%), widespread 33 species ( 11.7%), northeast 9 species (3.2%). There are 62 species of mammals, and the Northern type is dominant species, which has 30 species (48.4%), widespread 12 (19.40%), Central-Asian 11 species (17.70%), endemic of species 9 (14.50%). There are 96 species of birds in Kunlun-Altun Mt.. It is composed of Central-Asia type, which occupies 28.90%, highland type 26%, northern type 16.7% and widespread type 29.2%. Of 49 species of mammals, there are 14 of endemic species in Mongolia-Xinjiang desert (28%), 15 highland species in Qinghai-Tibet plateau (32%),14 Palaearctic species (28%), 6 widespread species (12%). The fauna composition and species biodiversity of birds and mammals in Xinjiang appear well-proportioned characteristics besides more highland types.