油菜雌性不育突变体FS-M1花器官形态及其受精能力

对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)雌性不育突变体FS-M1及其野生型宁油10号的花器官形态和柱头受精能力进行了观察比较研究,结果表明FS-M1雌蕊明显短于雄蕊,6个雄蕊几乎等长,无密腺,但在雄蕊基部有两个月牙形状物;子房扁平,明显短于野生型,且柱头顶端呈叉型;柱头乳突细胞较大但数量较少,粘附花粉能力弱,在开花2～3 d后逐渐干瘪.授粉后,在FS-M1柱头表面观察到萌发的花粉粒,但未观察到花粉粒芽管刺破乳突细胞,形成"膨突"现象,花柱中没有观察到花粉管.切除柱头及部分花柱后再授粉,在FS-M1花柱中观察到伸长的花粉管,授精结角也接近正常.FS-M1雌性不育现象可能与柱头乳突细胞发育畸变和功能缺失有关.

Floral Morphology and Pistil Fertilization Ability of Female Sterile Mutant FS-M1 in Brassica napus L.

A comparison between female mutant FS-M1 of Brassica napus L.and its wild type Ningyou 10 was carried out.Results showed that the floral morphology of FS-M1 differ on some aspects from that of wild type.Pistil length of FS-M1 was shorter than that of wild type.The 6 stamens of FS-M1 were almost equal to each other in length,while that of wild type composed of 4 longer one and 2 shorter one.There were two extra crescent-like organ developed at the ovary base of FS-M1 with missing nectars.Ovary shape and length of FS-M1 was more flat and shorter respectively than those of wild type.Stigma end of FS-M1 shaped a fork-like looking,differing obviously from wild type.The numbers of papillae cells of FS-M1 was sparse and its size was larger than that of wild type.Number of pollen grains observed on stigma of FS-M1 was less than that on wild type.The papillae cells of FS-M1 was drying and shriveling gradually in 2-3 days after flowering.There were few germinated pollens observed on the surface of stigma of FS-M1 after hand-pollination,however no pollen tube was found inside the style. Elongated pollen tubes was observed inside the style of FS-M1,resulting in a normal seed setting when hand-pollination was made after excision of the stigma or part of the style.Results from above indicated that losing function of the papillae cells of FS-M1 resulting from its abnormal development is possibly a key factor causing the female sterility.