用转基因方法进行抗线虫农作物育种的研究进展

在许多农作物中,植物寄生线虫引起重大损失。有幸的是,某些植物对线虫有抗性,而且存在于栽培种和其近亲野生种中的抗性基因,可以用分子标记方法建立图谱。标记辅助的选择方法已广泛应用于育种工作中,两种抗线虫的基因已经通过定位克隆技术分离出来,并成功地在栽培作物中得到表达。建立线虫抗性的另一个方法是将具有杀线剂效应的基因导入植物中,该方法也已取得了一些进展。

RESEARCH ADVANCES ON CROP BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES BY TRANSGENIC METHODS

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause heavy yield losses in many crops. Fortunately, some plants are resistant to nematodes and the resistance genes presented in cultivated or wild relatives can be mapped with molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection is now being applied in breeding programmes. Two nematode resistance genes have been isolated by positional cloning approaches and these have been successfully expressed in cultivated species. An alternative strategy for conferring resistance to nematodes is to introduce genes with a nematicidal impact. There have been some progresses by using this approach.