不同种植模式对玉米生长发育、产量及机械化收获效率的影响

以郑单958为供试品种,设55 cm、65 cm两个行距水平以及种肥侧向、正向两种施用方式,研究不同行距和施肥方式对玉米生长发育、产量及机械化收获效率的影响。结果表明,55 cm、65 cm行距对玉米株高、茎粗、穗位高、叶面积指数和干重等生长指标均无显著影响,两个行距配置下玉米产量基本相同;种肥施用方式对玉米前期生长影响较大,种肥侧施的肥效明显优于种肥正施。玉米三叶期至拔节期,种肥侧施的株高、叶面积指数、干重和根系数量较种肥正施均有不同程度的提高,但种肥正施和侧施对玉米产量及其构成因素无明显影响。因此,在玉米生产中可以根据农机具设计和生产需求,规范行距,统一收获机械规格,从而降低生产成本,推进玉米生产全程机械化进程。

Contrast Test for Maize Different Planting Patterns under the Mechanize Harvest

Zhengdan958 was selected as tested varieties, and two row spacing 55 cm, 65 cm and two different kinds of fertilizer application were used in this study. The crop development and yield parameters were compared to evaluate the yield difference as affected by row spacing and fertilizer application under the mechanize harvest. The results were as follows: 55cm and 65 cm row spacing had little effect on plant height, stalk diameter, ear height, leaf area index(LAI) and plant dry weight, thus grain yield was not affected by row spacing. Fertilizer application played a significant role in maize early growth, and lateral fertilizer application was superior to positive application. Compared with positive fertilizer application, plant height, leaf area index, plant dry weight and root number under lateral fertilizer treatment has been significant improved from corn stage to jointing stage. However, there was not significant difference in maize yield and the yield components between two fertilizer applications. Therefore, it was concluded that harvest machine with uniform row spacing could be applied in order to reduce the cost for machine production and realize maize production mechanization in the future.