中国古籍中“苏”及其相关植物的原植物考证

为厘清我国历史典籍中"苏"对应的现代植物名称,给深入研究我国古代历史文献中植物命名和分类提供依据,在搜集文献资料的基础上,用比较形态学的方法,整理出与"苏"有关的植物名称,以及它们的植物分类学特征,尝试确定这些植物名称对应的原植物。研究发现,在历史资料中一共记载了15个与"苏"有关的植物名称,确定了其中8个名称所代表的原植物的学名,在现代植物分类学上分别属于唇形科、菊科与爵床科等。研究表明,中国先民在对植物命名的时候,在植物名称的使用上有等级的区分,因此为了准确地了解中国先民对特定植物特征以及分类学位置的认识,需要开展更多的现代植物学工作。

Research on the original plants of ‘Su’ and its corresponding plants in Chinese ancient classics

To clarify the scientific names of ‘Su’ in Chinese historical classics,providing the basis for further studies of botanical onomatology and plant classification in Chinese ancient literature,the original plant's name and the plant taxonomy characteristics of ‘ Su’ were clarified by using the method of comparative morphology based on the collection of Chinese historical documents.The research showed that 15 plant names recorded in the Chinese histories were related to ‘Su’,and the scientific names of 8 plants among them were determined,belonging to the Labiatae,Compositae and Acanthaceae.The research showed that there were class distinctions in the use of plant names by the Chinese ancients.It is also shown that more work should be done to make clear the knowledge that Chinese ancients got on the plant features and the taxonomic positions.