乌梅良种单株选育试验初报

为了加快乌梅产业发展,提升乌梅品质,通过对全国乌梅情况进行了解,以四川省达川区为选育点,通过观察、对比等方法从500株单株中筛选出2株优株,分别在3个试验点139hm2区域进行试验研究。4a试验结果表明:选育出的"达梅-1号"鲜果平均单果质量23.20g,可食率为85%左右,平均单位冠幅面积鲜果产量3.31kg/m2,在同类型中花期相对较早,果实均匀,适应性较广;"达梅-2号"鲜果平均单果质量25.70g,可食率在86%左右,平均单位冠幅面积鲜果产量3.33kg/m2,花期最早,果实成熟期早,果实大,果面颜色美观、清洁,适应性强。区域试验证明,乌梅适宜沙质土壤,pH值5.9~6.3,喜温暖湿润气候,"达梅-1号"2月13日进入初花期,7d后进入展叶期,2月26日进入幼果期,果实6月8日开始成熟;"达梅-2号"初花期、展叶期和幼果期时间较"达梅-1号"早16~20d,挂果时间长,一般在6月下旬成熟。初步认为,二者均可在全区范围内进行推广。

Preliminary introduction to supurior single plant breeding test of fructus mume

In order to accelerate the industrial development of dark plum and enhance the quality,the research was based on the understanding of the dark plum situation around the country,and Dachuan district in Sichuan province was taken as the breeding site.Two excellent strains were selected as grafting rootstocks from 500 native tree species through observation and comparison method.The experiment was carried out in 3 experimental sites of 139 hm2 areas,and 100 strains were selected by random sampling to get rootstock grafted seedlings with good quality.4A test results showed that the average weight of "Dame-1" fresh fruit was 23.20 g,with the edible rate of about 85％.The average yield of fresh fruit in unit crown area was 3.31 kg.Comparing to other strains of the same variety,'Dame-1'has relatively earlier flowering time,higher fruit uniformity,and stronger adaptability to environment.The average weight of'Dame-2'fruit was 25.70 g,with the edible rate of around 86％,and the average yield of fresh fruit in unit crown area was 3.33 kg.The flowering period of'Dame-2'is the earliest,leading to the early fruit maturity and big fruit,the surface color of which is beautiful and clean,having strong resistance to disease and pests.The regional test proved that dark plum is suitable to grow in sandy soil with pH of 5.9～6.3,preferring to warm and humid climate."Dame-1" enters into the flowering period in February 13th,and then comes the leaf stage after 7 d.On February 26th,the plant enters the young fruit stage,and the fruit maturity starts from June 8th.Comparing to "Dame-1",the early flower stage,leaf stage,and young fruit stage of "Dame-2"are 16～20 d earlier,and the fruiting time is relatively long with the fruit maturity in late June.This preliminary test showed that the two kinds of varieties are suitable strains to be widely promoted in Dachuan district.