我国甜菜病虫草害种类分布及化学防治历程

我国甜菜三北产区,苗期发生的主要害虫有5种,其中以象虫为害最重,东北产区的优势种为蒙古土象,华北、西北产区的优势种为甜菜象;生长中期发生的主要害虫有8种;生长后期发生的主要害虫有7种,其中以甘蓝夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾为害最重。各甜菜主产区普遍发生的病害种类有:立枯病、根腐病、丛根病、褐斑病;普遍发生的甜菜草害种类有:稗草、柳叶刺蓼、反枝苋。在今后一段时期内,甜菜病虫草害的防治应以化学防治为主,生物防治为辅;化学防治应以高效低毒农药为主导;应加强种衣剂的研制、开发、应用,提倡混合施药。

Kind and distribution of diseases, insect-pests and weeds in sugarbeet and the course of chemical control in China

There are five kinds of main pest at seedling period in sugar beet production area in northeast,north China and northwest,the weevil has the most serious harm to plant ,the dominant species is Mongolia weevil in northeast,and it is Beet weevil in north China and northwest.There are eight kinds of main pest at the middle of growth period in all areas.There are seven kinds of main pest at the late of growth period in all areas,cabbage army worm and asparagus caterpillar are the worse to harm sugar beet.The prevalent diseases in all sugar beet areas are damping-off,root rot,Rhizomania and leaf spot.The prevalent weeds are Barnyard grass,smart weed and redroot pigweed.A long stage from now chemical control for diseases,insect -pests and weed s in sugar beet will be the first,biological control will be secondary;chemical control must obey the direction with good effect and low toxin;the seed coat medicament of sugar beet about development,exploiture and application must be strengthened,it is suggested to apply mixture chemicals.