黔东南原生态民族文化多样性与糯稻遗传多样性资源保护

黔东南原生态民族文化是该地区众多民族在长期与自然环境的交流和交融及其抗争中形成的一种稳定的生活方式和经济文化类型。黔东南原生态民族文化与糯稻遗传多样性资源极其丰富，糯稻文化在黔东南各民族的日常生活、生产、风俗习惯和宗教信仰等方面中都有充分的体现。这说明黔东南糯稻品种的遗传多样性形成并保持着强大的生命力，除了依赖于自身的生物条件和对自然生态的适应外，还主要取决于黔东南原生态民族文化的多样性。然而，随着环境的恶化、外来文化冲击和新栽培稻种的推广，黔东南原生态民族文化和糯稻的遗传多样性资源都受到了严重的威胁。为传承和保护这种原生态民族文化并促进糯稻遗传多样性资源的保护与利用，应从以下几个方面采取措施：一是要充分挖掘和发扬原生态民族文化；二是要用传统与现代生物技术相结合的方法全面研究该地区的糯稻（特别是糯禾）遗传多样性资源；三是要结合该地区的自然环境和人文环境，探索适合于糯稻遗传多样性资源的新型农家管理保护模式。正确认识原生态民族传统文化多样性在糯稻遗传多样性资源保护与利用中的重要作用与地位，为寻找更多的新途径来保护稻种遗传多样性资源具有重要的意义。

Influence of Diversity of Prototypical Ethnic Culture in Diversity of Glutinous Rice in Southeast of Guizhou

There were quite abundant prototypical ethnic cultures and plant diversity in Qiandongnan （ Southeast of Guizhou） ,where the primitive natural ecology was also perfectly conserved. It was honored by World Native Culture Fund as One of the Eighteen Ecological and Cultural Conservations in the World. The prototypical ethnic culture of Southeast of Guizhou, as a stable life-style and economic culture type of the local people, came into being in the process of the local minorities＇ communicating, blending and struggling against the natural environment in the long course of history. It could be seen from this research that there were our preliminary research that there are quite abundant resources in Southeast of Guizhou in terms of prototypical ethnic cultures and genetic diversity of glutinous rice. A full reflection of the culture of Glutinous Rice could be seen in the local minority people＇s daily life, production, custom, religious belief, etc. These showed that the formation and great vitality of the genetic diversity of glutinous rice was not only determined by the diversity of local prototypical ethnic cultures but also to its own biotic condition and its adaptation to natural ecology. It was showed that prototypical ethnic cultures had positive impact on the conservation and utilization of Glutinous Rice diversity.