成龄苹果树形改造对根系生长分布的影响

以成龄红富士苹果为试材,应用壕沟法研究小冠疏层形改造成高干开心形对根系分布状况的影响。结果表明:垂直分布上,改造树总根数增加,直径小于2mm的吸收根密集分布于20～40cm土层,而对照则分布于0～20cm;改造树和对照树水平分布最高峰分别出现在距树干100～120cm和60～80cm处。改造树根干重显著高于对照,提高了13.4%。可见,小冠疏层形改造为高干开心形后,根数目、干重增加;根系向下延伸,向外扩展。

Effects of reformation of the apple tree canopy on root distribution

The entrenchment method was used to investigate the effects of the reformation of the small canopy shape reformed to the open center canopy shape on the Fuji apple cultivar’s root distribution. The results showed that the root number of the reformed tree was increased, and roots < 2 mm in diameter of the reformed tree and the control mainly distributed in 20～40 cm and 0～20 cm soil layers on the vertical section respectively; On the horizontal section,the pool of root distribution of the reformed tree and the control located at 100～120 cm and 60～80 cm from the trunk respectively. Root mass density was significantly higher in reformed tree than the control, and increased 13.4 %. Therefore,after tree canopy shape was reformed from the small canopy to the open center canopy shape, the number and mass density of root were increased,and dense zone of root distribution was outward and deep.