Kernel morphometric traits in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are modulated by intricate QTL × QTL and genotype × environment interactions |
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Authors: | Ramya Prashant Narendra Kadoo Charushila Desale Prajakta Kore Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal Parveen Chhuneja Vidya Gupta |
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Institution: | 1. Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India;2. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India |
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Abstract: | Wheat kernel size and shape influence its flour yield and market price. A hexaploid wheat population of 185 recombinant inbred lines was evaluated for five kernel morphometric traits namely, 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, width, length–width ratio and factor form density in two diverse agro-climatic regions in India in five to eight year–location combinations. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis revealed significant contributions from genotype (G) and genotype × environment (G × E) effects for these traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis by composite interval mapping (CIM) was performed using a linkage map of 251 SSR markers and 59 QTLs distributed on 16 chromosomes were identified. The majority of the QTLs were located on the D genome (44.07%) and the homeologous chromosomes of Group 2 (38.98%). Stable QTLs detected in three or more year–location combinations were identified for four traits. Multi-trait CIM showed 10 chromosomal regions harboring putative pleiotropic loci. Complexity in the genetic effects was further revealed by QTL analysis based on mixed-linear model that indicated 19 QTLs with significant individual effects (main-effect QTLs) and 14 QTL × QTL interactions. Five of these nineteen main-effect QTLs and one of the fourteen QTL × QTL interactions showed environmental influence. |
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Keywords: | Kernel size and shape Stable QTLs Epistatic QTLs Genotype  ×   environment interactions |
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