灵武长枣采后病原菌的分离及天然抗菌物质的筛选

以宁夏灵武所产灵武长枣为材料,分离并鉴定贮藏过程中引起腐烂病害的主要病原真菌,同时采用滤纸片扩散法,用22种植物提取液对病原菌进行抑菌试验,以筛选对病原菌有抑制作用的天然物质。结果表明,从贮藏中的灵武长枣上分离、鉴定出微孢毛霉(Mucor microsporus Namysl)、粉红聚端孢(Trichoderma roseum(Pers.)Link)、青霉属(Penicillium sp.)和链格孢(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissl)4种病原真菌。对微孢毛霉有抑制作用的提取液有25 g/L的连翘乙醇提取液、50 g/L的高良姜水提取液5、0 g/L的大黄水提取液和100 g/L的桑叶水提取液;对粉红聚端孢有抑制作用的有12.5 g/L丁香乙醇提取液、50 g/L高良姜水提取液和100 g/L百部乙醇提取液;对青霉属有抑制作用的有6.25 g/L丁香乙醇提取液、25 g/L连翘乙醇提取液5、0 g/L按叶乙醇提取液和100 g/L广霍香水提取液;对链格孢菌有抑制作用的有50 g/L连翘乙醇提取液和100 g/L黄连水提取液。

Isolation of pathogenic fungi of post-harvest Lingwuchangzao and screen of antibiosis material

Sampled from Lingwu,Ningxia Province,Lingwuchangzao were studied on pathogen and fungi during storage.By the paper filtering method,antimicrobial effects of many plant material extracts on the pathogenic fungi were determined respectively.The result showed that four pathogenic fungi were isolated from the Lingwuchangzao during post harvest:Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) Link,Mucor microsporus Namysl,Penicillium sp.and Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.The extracts with antimicrobial effect on Mucor microsporus Namysl were 25 g/L ethanol extract of Forsytia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl,50 g/L water extract of Alpinia officinarum Hance,50 g/L water extract of Rheum offcinale Baill.and 100 g/L water extract of Morusalba L.;the extracts with antimicrobial effect on Trichoderma roseum(Pers.)Link were 12.5 g/L ethanol extract of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.,50 g/L water extract of Alpinia officinarum Hance and 100 g/L ethanol extract of Stemona jacponica(Bl.)Miq.;the extracts with antimicrobial effect on Penicillium sp.were 6.25 g/L ethanol extract of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb,25 g/L ethanol extract of Forsytia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl,50 g/L ethanol extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill.and 100 g/L water extract of Pogostemon cablin Benth;the extracts with antimicrobial effect on Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl were 50 g/L ethanol extract of Forsytia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl and 100 g/Lwater extract of Coptis chinensis Franch.