Whole-tree harvesting with stump removal versus stem-only harvesting in peatlands when water quality,biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation matter |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Helsinki, Department of Economics and Management, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;2. Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, 01301 Vantaa, Finland;3. Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 68, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;4. University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zürich, Switzerland;2. Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd. 132, Sofia, Bulgaria;3. University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland;4. University of Bern, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland;5. Ecology Department, SLU, Ulls Väg 17, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden;1. CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Via Cavour 4/6, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;2. Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Via. P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This article examines alternative forest harvesting regimes when ecosystem services in terms of water quality, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation are included in the analysis. The harvesting regimes are whole-tree harvesting with stump removal and conventional stem-only harvesting. The harvesting regimes are evaluated under two alternative climate policy contexts. The first alternative is a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, which assumes the carbon dioxide (CO2) neutrality of bioenergy and produces substitution benefits, as bioenergy replaces fossil fuels. The second alternative climate policy, a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy, takes into account the fact that bioenergy causes carbon dioxide emissions, producing substitution costs, and that harvested woody biomass affects the ability of a forest to act as a carbon sink. We extend the traditional Faustmann (1849) rotation model to include nutrient load damage, biodiversity benefits, and climate impacts. The empirical analysis is based on Finnish data from a catchment experiment carried out on drained peatland forests. The empirical results show that under a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, whole-tree harvesting with stump removal produces the highest net social benefits. However, if a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy is assumed, the net social benefits are greater under stem-only harvesting. |
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