15种珍稀濒危植物染色体数目及其核型分析

本文采用常规根尖压片法对15种珍稀濒危植物进行了染色体的数目统计。并对其中的5种植物进行了核型分析，结果表明：12种植物染色体均属二倍体，3种植物有四倍体、五倍体、六倍体现象。5种植物染色体核型公式分别为贺兰山岩黄芪(hedysarum petroviii Yakov．)2n=16=14m 2sm。内蒙古西风芹(Seseli intramongolicum Y．C．Ma)．2n=16=14m 2sin，阿拉善黄芩(Scutellaria alascfianica Tschern．)2n=10=8m 2sm，斑子麻黄(Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.)2n=14=10m=4sm。西藏点地梅(Androsace mariae Kanitz var.tibetica(Maxim．)Hand．--Mazz)2n=20=20m，均属原始类型。本试验旨在为研究物种多样性、建立珍稀濒危植物基因库、保护和繁育珍稀濒危植物等提供科学依据。

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF 15 RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS

The chromosome numbers of rare and endangered 15 species were counted by root tip squash method, and karyotypes of 5 species of them were analyzed. The results showed that the 12 species are diploid, 3 species have tetra ploid, pentaploid, hexaploid phemomenon. The karyotype formulas of 5 species are as following respectively: Hedysarum petrovii Yakov.: 2n=16=14m+2sin; Seseli intramongolicum Y. C. Ma: 2n=14=14m+2sm; Scutellaria alaschanica Tschern.: 2n=10=8m+2sm; Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom.: 2n=14=12m+2sm; Androsace mariae Kanitz vat. tibetica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.: 2n=20=20m. It was found out that they are of raw type. This provides scientific reference for the research of relationship between species,and the foundation of gene store-form, and protection of rare and endangered plants.