水稻有害生物生态调控的理论与实践

针对水稻重大病虫害防治问题和农药污染造成的生态问题，从生态学观点出发，阐述了有害生物生态调控的形成及其理论基础。为了农业的可持续发展，在生产实践中研究和探讨了有害生物生态调控的多项技术措施及其控害效果。结果表明：经济作物与高产优质水稻连作种植模式及其农田景观多样性耕作制，可显著的影响与它关联的害虫及其天敌在种群数量上的变动，并促使田间生物群落发生变化，从而导致水稻主要害虫种群对稻田生态环境的非适应性减少，而蜘蛛等天敌种群则适应性增加，生物多样性指数提高。与此同时，在水稻高产栽培中坚持合理施肥控制施氮量，利用水稻品种多样性混合间栽。开展稻鸭生态种养，应用频振式杀虫灯等措施，都能显著减少稻田主要病虫的发生和危害。实现有害生物的可持续治理。

Theory and Practice of Ecological Control on Insect Pests of Rice

Aimed at the questions of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of rice and the ecological questions induced by pesticide pollution, the development of ecological control of insect pests and its theoretic basic were expounded at the basis of ecological viewpoints, furthermore, many techniques of ecological control of insect pests and their controlled effects were studied and discussed in production practice for sustainable development of agriculture. The results suggested that rotation system of economic crops and rice with high-yield and high-quality affected variation of colony quantity of pests and their natural enemies and promoted the variation of bioeommunity in the field, and then resulted in declination of adaptability of main pests colonies of rice to ecological environment of paddy field and improvement of adaptability of natural enemies, such as spider, and so on. At the same time, in high-yielding cultivation of rice, many techniques, including fertilizing properly with the least nitrogen rate, intercropping several varieties in an area, breeding duck in paddy field and applying frequency-vibration trapping light, could significantly alleviate the appearance and harm of main diseases and insect pests of rice, and realize sustainable control of pests thereby.