大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析

为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。

The Analysis on the Composition of Fatty Acids in Seed Oil of Camellia vietnamensis Seedling Trees

It was conducted with the fruits of the high-yield seedling trees of Camellia vietnamensis in the method of GS to determine the contents of the C12～C24 fatty acids in the seed oil extracted in Soxhlet extraction.The results were the following.There were obvious differences in the kinds of the fatty acids in the seed oil among different seedling trees and between the two years.The unsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil was the major composition,and the average of the relative ratio was up to 86.625％.The oleic acid was the major composition of the unsaturated fatty acids,and it's content and relative ratio was up to 79.325％ and 80.253％ respectively.The negative correlations between the relative rations of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and between the contents and the relative ratios of the oleic acid and the linoleic acid respectively were extremely significant,significant or extremely significant and significant.The contents and the relative ratios of the major fatty acids such as oleic,linoleic and palmitic acids didn't appear obvious differences among the different seedling trees and significant differences between the two yearn.In sum,the composition of the major fatty acids of C.Vietnamensis was stable among the different seedling trees and between the two years,and the chief part was oleic acid,and it is possible for the saturated fatty acids and the oleic acid to be converted into the unsaturated fatty acids and the linoleic acid respectively.