利用固相微萃取-气质联用技术分析中国主栽品种椰子水的挥发性成分

采用顶空-固相微萃取气质联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)方法分析5种中国椰子品种‘本地高种’、‘文椰2号’、‘文椰3号’、‘文椰4号’、‘小黄椰’的椰子水挥发性成分。在5种椰子水中共鉴定出24种挥发性成分,其中‘本地高种’和‘文椰4号’鉴定出15种、‘文椰2号’和‘文椰3号’鉴定出14种、‘小黄椰’鉴定出13种,主要为醇类、醛类、酸类、酮类、酯类和酚类,其相对含量分别是16.71%~40.64%、1.82%~19.29%、14.14%~56.30%、2.49%~3.46%、2.24%~9.11%和10.76%~20.28%。醇类和酸类分别在‘文椰4号’和‘小黄椰’中相对含量最高,醛类在‘本地高种’中相对含量最高,酯类和酚类在‘文椰2号’相对含量最高。5种椰子水不仅在香气物质构成上差异显著,相同挥发性成分在不同品种中相对含量差异也显著,这些差异的呈现可为今后矮种椰子的育种提供新的方法和手段。

Characterization of the Volatile Profile of Coconut Water from Five Chinese Coconut Varieties Using SPME-GC/MS Analysis

This study was conducted to charact erize the volatile profile of immature coconut water from five Chinese coconut varieties Hainan Local Tall, Wenye No.2 (Yellow Dwarf), Wenye No.3 (Red Dwarf), Wenye No.4 ( Aromatic Green Dwarf) and Xiaohuang Dwarf ( Hybrid). The aroma compounds were characterized by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry ( HS-SPME-GC/MS) analysis. Twenty four kinds of aromatic components were identified in the coconut water, including fifteen kinds in Hainan Local Tall and Wenye No.4, fourteen kinds in Wenye No.2 and Wenye No.3, thirteen kinds in Xiaohuang Dwarf. The aromatic components mainly including alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, lactone, phenols, of which relative contents was 16.71%-40.64%, 1.82%-19.29%, 14.14%-56.30%, 2.49%-3.46%, 2.24%-9.11% and 10.76%-20.28%, respectively. Alcohols and acids were mainly present in the Wenye No.4 and Xiaohuang Dwarf varieties, whereas aldehydes were most abundant in the Hainan Local Tall. Wenye No.2 was characterized by a high esters and phenols. Not only were the aroma compositions from five kinds of coconut water significantly different, but also the relative content of the same ingredients in different varieties were different. Volatile profile analysis could be a useful tool for the selection of Dwarf coconut varieties.