福建水生植物浮萍的形态学和分子系统学鉴定及遗传多样性研究

在福建53个市县(区)收集获得119份浮萍种质。通过叶片大小、根系和叶脉数等形态性状初步鉴定为4个属:少根紫萍属(Landoltia)、多根紫萍属(Spirodela)、无根萍属(Wolffia)、浮萍属(Lemna)。利用叶绿体atp F-atp H间隔序列和rp S16内含子序列进行系统发育分析。结果表明,119份浮萍种质分别属于4个种Landoltia punctata,Spirodela polyrhiza,Wolffia globosa,Lemna aequinoctialis。利用DnaSP 5.10.01软件分析结果显示,福建浮萍种质存在丰富的遗传多样性,且rpS16比atp F-atpH多样性大,两者的核苷酸多态性指数分别为0.051 23和0.031 53,每kb平均核苷酸差异数为44.675和20.374,群体突变率分别为0.051 64和0.036 40,单倍型多态性指数分别为0.617和0.577。稀脉萍、无根萍和多根紫萍基于atpF-atpH和rp S16序列的单倍型数为4、2、2。另外,闽南地区浮萍遗传多样性高于闽北地区,其核苷酸多态性指数、每kb核苷酸变异数以及群体突变率分别是闽北地区的2倍以上。

Morphological, Molecular Identification and Their Genetic Diversity of Aquatic Plant Duckweeds in Fujian Province

119 duckweed germplasms were collected in 53 cities or countries in Fujian Province.They were classified into four genera:Landoltia,Spirodela,Wolffia,and Lemna using morphological analysis based on leaf size,root and leaf number.The chloroplast atpF-atpH internal sequence and the rpS16 intron sequence were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these germplams belong to four species:Landoltia punctata,Spirodela polyrhiza,Wolffia globosa,and Lemna aequinoctialis.Genetic diversity analysis using DnaSP 5.10.01 software showed that germplasms had rich diversity,and rpS16 presented more diversity than atpF-atpH.The nucleotide diversity of atpF-atpH and rpS16 was 0.031 53 and 0.051 23,respectively;the distinct nucleotide number per kb was 20.374 and 44.675,respectively;the population mutation rate was 0.03640 and 0.051 64,respectively,and the haplotype diversity was 0.577 and 0.617,respectively.The haplotype numbers of atpF-atpH and rpS16 were 4,2,and 2,respectively.The genetic diversity in South Fujian was higher than that in North Fujian,and the nucleotide diversity,different nucleotide number and the population mutation rate of atpF-atpH in South Fujian were twice as high as those in the North.