定色前期湿球温度对烟叶特色及质量的影响

为改善中上部烟叶的烤后品质和优化密集烘烤工艺,试验采用密集烤房研究定色前期湿球温度对云烟87中上部烟叶烤后外观质量、颜色值、化学成分、经济性状和评吸质量的影响。结果表明:(1)中部烟叶,以T3处理(湿球温度39℃),在外观质量、评吸质量、风格彰显程度、化学成分评价分值得分最高,经济性状较好,烤后烟叶综合质量依次为T3处理(湿球温度39℃)T2处理(湿球温度38℃)T1处理(湿球温度37℃)。随着定色前期湿球的提高,代表红色的a值有提高的趋势,鲜干比逐渐略有增大,说明有利于物质转化,加深烟叶的颜色,改善烟叶的外观质量;(2)上部烟叶,以T2处理综合表现较好,主要表现在外观质量、评吸质量分值得分最高,经济性状最好,颜色桔黄鲜亮,成熟度、叶片结构、油份较好,颜色饱和度较好,正反面色差较小,化学成分协调性好;T3处理居中,表现颜色偏深偏暗、油分略差,化学协调性差,评吸质量亦有所降低,呼吸消耗较大;T1处理综合表现较差。从风格彰显程度来看,随着定色前期湿球温度提高,浓香型风格特色有提高的趋势。因此,密集烤房烟叶烘烤定色前期湿球温度中部烟叶以39℃、上部烟叶以38℃,有利于提升烤后烟叶质量。

Effects of Wet-Bulb Temperature on Style and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves at Early Curing Stage

In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and optimization of curing technology, tobacco leaves of tobacco Yunyan 87 were bulk cured to determine the effects of different wet-bulb temperature at the early curing stage on appearance quality, color value, chemical composition, economic character and sensory quality of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that the middle flue-cured tobacco leaves (T3 treatment with the wet-bulb temperature at 39℃) were best in appearance quality, sensory style, chemical composition and economic character, with the comprehensive quality in the order of T3 treatment > T2 treatment (wet-bulb temperature at 38℃) >T1 treatment (wet-bulb temperature at 37℃). The value of red color tended to increase with the wet-bulb temperature, and the fresh-dry ratio slightly increased, indicating the increase of wet-bulb temperature for flue-curing was beneficial to the conversion of internal substance, darkened the color and improved the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The upper flue-cured tobacco leaves of T2 treatment showed the best comprehensive performance. They had a high value of appearance quality and sensory quality with bright orange color, better maturity, soft structure, better oil, strong chroma, small difference of upper and lower sides of leaves in colour, and well-balanced chemical composition. The upper flue-cured tobacco leaves of T3 treatment were medium in comprehensive performance. Their color was slightly darker, their oil poorer, chemical composition less balanced, sensory quality declined and their burn faster. The upper flue-cured tobacco leaves of T1 treatment were poor in comprehensive performance. From the view of sensory style, the aroma style tended to be improved with the wet bulb temperature at the early curing stage. Therefore, bulk curing of the middle and upper leaves at respective wet-bulb temperatures of 39℃ and 38℃, at the early curing stage was helpful to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.