农村居民政治参与积极性的影响因素分析

农村基层民主建设是影响农村经济发展的一个重要因素。从微观农户的角度来研究影响理性农户政治参与积极性的因素，对于加快基层民主建设，进而促进农村经济发展具有重要的意义。本文利用第一手的农户调查数据，采用有序Probit模型，从农户特征、村集体特征、候选人特征和社会资本四个方面来分析影响农村居民政治参与积极性的因素的方向和强度。分析结果表明：①农户自身特征中的政治面貌、职务经历、家人是否在村办企业工作这三个变量对农户政治参与积极性在统计上有显著的正向影响，而年龄、文化程度、是否有非农就业这三个变量在统计上不显著；②对上届村干部的满意程度、是否发身过过往纠纷这二个村集体特征中的变量表现出对农户政治参与积极性有统计上的显著影响，有无投票误工补贴、公共服务水平这二个变量对农村居民政治参与积极性的影响不显著；③竞选激烈程度、候选人特征、乡镇政府介入与否这三个变量表现出对农户政治参与积极性有统计上的显著影响，竞选规范程度、自家人有无参加候选人提名、有无拉票行为这三个变量对农村居民政治参与积极性的影响不显著；④是否参与经济组织、家里是否有人当干部这二个社会资本变量对农村居民政治参与积极性的影响均不显著。

Study on The Factors affecting Political Participation of Rural Residents

This research has analyzed the factors affecting political participation of rural residents. The theoretical analysis showed that the level of political participation is affected by Household Characteristics, Village Characteristics, Candidate Characteristics, and the Social Capital. Empirical analysis supported this conclusion on the whole, this paper used the investigation data of rural households in 30 villages of 5 counties in Nanjing, adopted the order Probit model, verified from the Household Characteristics, Village Characteristics, Candidate Characteristics, Theoretical and practical basis are supposed to be provided to relevant government departments on policy decision of pushing political participation of peasants.