Some ecological observations on two east-Mediterranean species of Haemaphysalis ticks parasitizing stock

Haemaphysalis cretica and H. otophila thrive in the Mediterranean phytogeographic zone of the eastern Mediterranean area. Haemaphysalis otophila has a wide geographical distribution, H. cretica is more restricted.The adults of both species parasitize sheep and goats, and transmit diseases. The pre-imaginal stages feed on reptiles and small mammals. Adults attach to their hosts only during winter. The pre-oviposition period is long and the embryonic development is slow. Larvae hatch in spring and attach to their hosts in early summer; nymphs follow somewhat later and descend off their hosts in late summer. There is only one generation per year for each of the species.