森林可燃物管理研究进展

立地条件、天气和可燃物决定了森林火灾的强度与烈度, 三大因素中, 只有对可燃物能进行有效的经营管理。研究表明:1)过去60~100年, 由于森林结构和组成的改变, 可燃物载量增加, 易发生高强度的森林火灾。2)林火模型、实践经验以及现场观察表明, 在特定的天气条件下, 林火行为受可燃物结构与组成的影响很大。3)减少重特大森林火灾的发生就必须降低地表可燃物的数量、密度、连续性, 移除过度可燃物, 或改造植被, 降低森林植被的燃烧性等。4)可燃物处理有效期评估涉及林火蔓延、林火强度、烈度、火场规模和扑火能力的研究, 景观尺度手段优于林分尺度。

Progress in Research on Forest Fuels Management

Site condition,weather and fuels are the three factors to determine fire intensity and severity.Of which,only fuels(vegetation) can be efficiently controlled.It is found in the study that:(1) Changes in forest structure and composition over the past 60 to 100 years increased fuel loads and made forests more susceptible to highly intense and severe fires;(2) Models,field observations and experiments indicated that fire behavior could be strongly influenced by fuel structure and composition in specific weather conditions;(3) In order to reduce the occurrence of highly severe fires,some actions must be taken:decrease the amount,density and continuity of surface fuels,remove ladder fuels and modify forest species structure to reduce forest fuels combustibility;and(4) Evaluation of fuel validity treatment involves the research of forest fire spread,intensity,severity,size and suppression capability,and the landscape means is better than the stand means.