试论杉木无性选育策略

本文系统地回顾了我国杉木育种的历史和现状。针对当前针叶树种特别是杉木遗传改良中普遍遇到的问题,讨论了杉木育种近期和中长期的育种策略,并对今后的市场需求方向进行了预测。提出了杉木在近中期的育种目标应逐渐从传统的以建筑和家具材为主转向以造纸和内含物等多种利用方式为主,并在育种策略上有相应的准备和转变。

A Preliminary Discussion on the Selection Strategy of Cunninghamia lanceolata

In this paper a systematic review is made of the status and history of China fir breeding in China.At present time,the ratio of superior seed of China fir used for afforesta-tion is still low in China.In 1988 the China fir seeds produced in seed orchards and seedfarm stands are only 3.9% of the national total,and the annual output of fine clone seedlin-gs is only one million and cannot meet the demand for production.The technical problem for high consistent seed production in seed orchards has not been resolved.Multi-generationgenetic improvement has just been under way.Adversity resistance,adaptablity and the genetic improvement of nature of wood are problems remaining to be researched.In view of the frequently encountered problems concerning tree genetic improvement and the specific characteristics of China fir it is believed that a strategy with sexual methods combined with asexual ones should be adopted in the multi-generation genetic improvement of China fir soas to obtain the maximum genetic gain.The procedure and method of clone selection,and the technique and mechanism of clone multiplication through various ways should be researched and resolved.The application of new tree genetic breeding in every aspect should be reinforced at an increasing ratio and the computer software for the genetic improvement of China fir should be developed.Researches on tree growth,nature of wood,and the early test of adversity resistance should be furthered so as to shorten the cycle of tree breeding,toaccelerate the progress in variety selection,and to promote the selection efficiency.Researches and forest production should be combined with experiment,demonstration and extension.Bases for China fir genetic improvement should be established to form a genetic improvement and seed increase system in conformance with the charateristics of China fir.Forcast of the future market demand is made,and the medium and short term objectives of China fir breeding is shifted from the traditional major use of construction materials and fur-niture to a multiple use of paper making and intrinsic elements,and in tree breeding strategy preparation and changes should be made accordingly.