金鱼品系的遗传多样性分析及亲缘关系初探

采用RAPD技术对草金（Grass goldfish）、红龙睛（Red dragoneye goldfish）、鹤顶红（Red-head wen goldfish）、水泡（Blisters-eye goldfish）、黑寿（White-head oval goldfish）等5个金鱼代表品种的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行研究。用14个引物在5个金鱼群体中共检测出116个位点，其中多态性位点27个。金鱼群体总的DNA多态位点百分率为23.3%。结果表明，5种金鱼群体间的遗传相似性指数均在0.8759~0.818之间，存在一定的差异，但未达到显著水平，群体间遗传多样性差异不明显。群体间遗传相似性度最小的为草金和黑寿（0.8759），其遗传距离最大（0.1241），说明这2种群体亲缘关系最远；鹤顶红与黑寿的遗传相似性度最大（0.9182），其遗传距离最小（0.0818），可推断两者的亲缘关系较近。UPGMA法和NJ法的聚类分析显示，草金和红龙睛，鹤顶红和黑寿有较近的亲缘关系，这与传统金鱼品种演化关系的观点一致。研究金鱼遗传多样性对保护金鱼的种质资源有重要意义。

RAPD Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Five Carassius auratus var

Genetic diversity and relationships of Grass goldfish, Red dragoneye goldfish, Red-head wen goldfish, Blisters-eye goldfish, White-head oval goldfish using RAPD technique was analyzed. A total of 116 loci, including 27 polymorphic ones, were detected from the five populations by using 14 primers. The average percentage of polymorphic loci to total DNA of the five populations was 23.3%. The results showed that the genetic similarity index of the five varieties of goldfish ranged between 0.818 and 0.8759 which was the lowest (0.8759) between Grass goldfish and Red dragoneye goldfish, and their genetic distance was the highest (0.1241) that indicated the phylogenetic relationship was far. Red-head wen goldfish and White-head oval goldfish that the genetic similarity index was the highest (0.9182) and the genetic distance was the lowest (0.0818) was closer. Clustering analysis by both UPGMA method and NJ method showed that the phylogenetic relationship between Grass goldfish and Red dragoneye goldfish was quite near, as well as Red-head wen goldfish and White-head oval goldfish was near. These considerably are consistent with the evolutionary positions among these fishes. Both results were accordant. It's important to study the genetic diversity of goldfish on its quality protection.