笼养丹顶鹤繁殖行为和粪样中性激素水平变化的关系

2007年3月～2008年2月，在哈尔滨北方森林动物园，选2对健康的成年丹顶鹤，采用目标取样和扫描取样相结合的方法进行了行为观测，同时收取粪便提取激素，利用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定了笼养丹顶鹤粪样中睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇的浓度。试验结果表明：笼养丹顶鹤繁殖行为呈显著的季节变化，其对鸣、炫耀行为的高发期在3、4月（P〈0．05），营巢行为在3月极显著高于其他月份（P〈0．01），丹顶鹤的交尾行为集中出现在3、4月（P〈0．05）；繁殖期雄性丹顶鹤粪便中睾酮平均水平为（259．59±149．70）ng／dl，非繁殖期为（84．81±27．35）ng／dl，二者差异显著，繁殖期雄鹤求偶炫耀、交尾、卧巢等的发生频次与粪便中睾酮呈极显著相关（P〈0．01），其对鸣、警戒以及营巢都与睾酮变化水平呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中的孕酮平均浓度为（9．65±7。15）rig／m1，非繁殖期为（2．76±0．97）ng／ml，差异显著，繁殖期雌鹤粪便中的孕酮激素水平与其卧巢行为呈显著性相关（R=0．8848，P〈0．05）；繁殖期雌性丹顶鹤粪便中雌二醇平均浓度为（30．50±61．77）pg／ml，非繁殖期为（8．17±3．72）pg／ml，二者差异显著，繁殖期雌鸟雌二醇变化水平与其繁殖行为的相关性不显著（P〉0．05）；雌性丹顶鹤粪样中雌二醇激素的变化水平与其产卵时间有着较为密切的关系。

Relation Between the Fecal Hormone Concentration and Reproductive Behavior of Captive Red-Crowned Crane

From March 2007 to February 2008, we examined the relationship between the fecal hormone contents and reproductive behaviors of captive red-crowned crane（ Grus japonensis） inHarbin Northern Forestry Zoo. Scan sampling and focal sampling methods were used to record the reproductive behavior of captive red-crowned cranes. Concentrations of fecal steroids （ including testosterone, progesterone and estradiol ）were analyzed with the radioimmunoassay method. There were seasonal changes in reproductive behaviors of captive red-crowned cranes. The fre- quencies of antiphonal song, displaying and mating behaviors were higher in March and April（ P〈 0.05）, and nesting behavior was more frequently recorded in March（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The mean level of testosterone was 259. 59 149.70 ng/dl during breeding season and 84. 81 ＋ 27.35 ng/dl during non-breeding season. Testosterone concentrations levels were higher in the breeding than non- breeding season（ P〈0. 05）. The male antiphonal song, displaying, mating, nesting, precaution and hatching behaviors, were all correlated with levels of testosterone concentration. This indi- cates that testosterone level can be used to monitor the reproductive condition of the male red- crowned crane. The mean levels of progesterone and estradiol in female feces were 9.65 7. 15 ng/ml and 30. 50 61. ？？ pg/ml, respectively, during breeding season, and 2.76 0. 97 ng/ml and 8. 17 3.72 pg/ml during non-breeding season. Concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were significantly higher during breeding than during non-breeding season. Reproductive behavior of female cranes was significantly correlated with progesterone concentration （ P 〈 0.05 ） but not with estradiol concentration. There was, however, a close relationship between the level of estradiol and the timing of egg laying.