长江中下游小麦品种的灌浆速率及产量结构

调查长江中下游麦区9个主推小麦品种灌浆速率、生育进程及产量结构.结果表明,各品种灌浆速率整体表现为慢快慢,但灌浆进程差异较大.镇麦8号和宁麦13的快速灌浆期启动早强度大,持续时间短.镇麦8号因穗粒数较少,产量表现一般.宁麦17、扬麦16、镇麦168和郑麦9023的峰值灌浆速率高,快速灌浆期稳定且持续时间长,后期灌浆速率低,有利于避免后期高温避熟的不利气候因素.襄麦55和扬麦18在收获前期灌浆速率仍较高,千粒质量和容重的稳定性存在风险.南农06Y86平均灌浆速率和千粒质量最低,后期灌浆速率较高,穗数和穗粒数表现中等,高产稳产的难度较大.宁麦13和镇麦168结合了多穗多粒、中前期灌浆速率快且与千粒质量相协调等优良特征,产量显著高于其他品种.多穗多粒、熟相好,快速灌浆期启动早,灌浆速率和千粒质量协调,是获得高产稳产的重要指标.

Grain Filling Rate and Yield Components Investigation of Wheat Cultivars in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Nine popular commercial cultivars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangze river were used to investigate the grain filling rate,development process,and yield components.The results showed that all these cultivars were characterized with slow-rapid-slow on grain filling rate.Zhenmai 8 and Ningmai 13 presented high rapid filling rate,and the shortest fast filling period among nine cultivars.But less spike number resulted in low yield in Zhenmai 8,Ningmai 17,Yangmai 16,Zhenmai 168 and Zhengmai 9023 characterized with high and stable filling rate,long filling period,and low filling rate at the late filling stage,which were beneficial to avoid high temperature at the late filling stage.But high filling rate at the late filling stage was showed in Xiangmai 55 and Yangmai 18,which might result in unstable kernel mass and test mass.It was difficult to get high and stable yield for Nannong 06Y86,which showed the lowest average filling rate,high filling rate at the late filling stage,and common ear number and grains per ear.Ningmai 13 and Zhenmai 168 had the highest yield among nine cultivars because of more ears and kernels per ear,high filling rate at the earlier and middle period,and coordination between filling rate and kernel mass,which were the key traits for commercial cultivars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangze river.