Roots from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) differentially affect soil microorganisms and carbon dynamics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Straße 28, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;2. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany;3. Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Georg August University Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;4. Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;5. Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;3. Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;4. Chair of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;5. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China;6. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany;1. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;2. J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Germany;3. Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;4. Dept. Soil Ecology, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;5. Dept. Community Ecology, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;1. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailongsi, Kunming, 650224, PR China;2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China;3. College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China;1. Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;2. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;3. Department of Soil Science, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany;1. University of Goettingen, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;2. University of Goettingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Berliner Str. 28, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;3. University of Goettingen, Agricultural Soil Science, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;4. Agro-Technological Institute, Peoples'' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 6, Moscow, Russia;5. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012 (China);2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012 (China);3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China);4. Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 (USA) |
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| Abstract: | Knowledge about the influence of living roots on decomposition processes in soil is scarce but is needed to understand carbon dynamics in soil. We investigated the effect of dominant deciduous tree species of the Central European forest vegetation, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), on soil biota and carbon dynamics differentiating between root- and leaf litter-mediated effects. The influence of beech and ash seedlings on carbon and nitrogen flow was investigated using leaf litter enriched in 13C and 15N in double split-root rhizotrons planted with beech and ash seedlings as well as a mixture of both tree species and a control without plants. Stable isotope and compound-specific fatty acid analysis (13C-PLFA) were used to follow the incorporation of stable isotopes into microorganisms, soil animals and plants. Further, the bacterial community composition was analyzed using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Although beech root biomass was significantly lower than that of ash only beech significantly decreased soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations after 475 days of incubation. In addition, beech significantly decreased microbial carbon use efficiency as indicated by higher specific respiration. Low soil pH probably increased specific respiration of bacteria suggesting that rhizodeposits of beech roots induced increased microbial respiration and therefore carbon loss from soil. Compared to beech δ13C and δ15N signatures of gamasid mites in ash rhizotrons were significantly higher indicating higher amounts of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen to reach higher trophic levels. Similar δ13C signatures of bacteria and fine roots indicate that mainly bacteria incorporated root-derived carbon in beech rhizotrons. The results suggest that beech and ash differentially impact soil processes with beech more strongly affecting the belowground system via root exudates and associated changes in rhizosphere microorganisms and carbon dynamics than ash. |
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