Plant monocultures produce more antagonistic soil Streptomyces communities than high-diversity plant communities |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, USA;2. Department of Botany, University of Madison-Wisconsin, USA;3. Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, USA;1. Portland State University, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 7026, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden;3. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2G4, Canada;1. Department of Environmental Informatics, UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Institute for Groundwater Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;3. Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;1. IRD, UMR LSTM, 34398 Montpellier, France;2. Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Dakar, Senegal |
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| Abstract: | Plant–soil feedbacks are important to productivity and plant community dynamics in both natural and managed ecosystems. Among soil bacteria, the Streptomyces possess particularly strong antagonistic activities and inhibit diverse plant pathogens, offering a clear pathway to involvement in plant–soil feedbacks. We hypothesized that feedback effects and the ability of individual host plant species to foster antagonistic Streptomyces populations may be modified by the richness of the surrounding plant community. To test this, we collected soil associated with four different plant species (two C4 grasses: Andropogon gerardii, Schizachyrium scoparium; and two legumes: Lespedeza capitata, Lupinus perennis), grown in communities that spanned a gradient of plant species richness (1, 4, 8, 16, or 32 species). For each of these soils, we characterized the potential of soil Streptomyces to antagonize plant pathogens, using an in vitro plate assay with indicator strains to reveal inhibition. We cultivated each plant species in each conditioned soil to assess feedback effects on subsequent plant growth performance. Surrounding plant richness modified the impacts of particular plant species on Streptomyces antagonistic activity; A. gerardii supported a higher proportion of antagonistic Streptomyces when grown in monoculture than when grown in 32-spp plant communities, and L. capitata supported more strongly antagonistic Streptomyces when grown in 4- or 32-spp plant communities than in 8-spp plant communities. Similarly, the feedback effects of particular plant species sometimes varied with surrounding plant richness; aboveground biomass production varied with plant species richness for A. gerardii in L. perennis-trained soil, for L. capitata in A. gerardii-trained soil, and for L. perennis in L. capitata-trained soil. Streptomyces antagonist density increased with overall Streptomyces density under low but not under high plant richness, suggesting that plant diversity modifies selection for antagonistic phenotypes among soil Streptomyces. This work highlights the complexity of feedback dynamics among plant species, and of plant–microbiome interactions in soil. |
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| Keywords: | Plant soil feedbacks Antagonism Diversity Antibiosis Resource diversity |
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