| Abstract: | A survey of the ecological adaptations of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber), indicates that this species is a potential pest, particularly to forest tree seeds and bark. Observations from most parts of Europe show clear cases of damage to seeds, young shoots and buds and bark of young trees above the snow level. Worst losses appear in central and eastern Europe. The bank vole may also attack a few year old seedlings (either bark or complete consumption). Widespread seedling attacks, which are economically very important in some countries, have, however, not been definitely proven for this species. In northern Europe, the bank vole may also cause damage to hay in barns. Bank vole populations show greatest fluctuations in eastern and northern Europe. The cycle length is variable. Damage (except, possibly, seed consumption) appears mainly during or just after the appearance of peak populations. Baits with zinc phosphide seem to be the most efficient control method. A number of other preparations have been tried more or less successfully. In summary, knowledge of the economic importance of the bank vole is very restricted. Specific studies are suggested for improving such an evaluation. |
