Advances on the Experimental Infectious Models of Avian Pathologenic Escherichia coli

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) is an important pathogen that causes localized and systemic infection in avian species of all ages.It is also an important reservoir or source of virulence genes of human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC).In order to understand deeply the infection progresses,pathogenesis,host immune responses and genetic resistance mechanism of APEC,and evaluate the efficacy of drugs and vaccines,several experimental infection models were established to evaluate the virulence of APEC through different approaches.According to the different systems involved,it can be divided into respiratory system,vascular system,musculoskeletal system,dermatological system,reproductive system,gastrointestinal system and chicken embryo system.In addition,there are infection experiments in mice and rats,tissue culture cells and explants infection experiments in vitro.The author highlights the establishment,pathogenesis,host responses and application of the different APEC experimental infection models.