DNA条形码研究进展

DNA条形码是应用有足够变异的标准化短基因片段对物种进行快速、准确鉴定的新的生物身份识别系统。2003年，加拿大Guelph大学Hebert等首次正式提出了DNA条形码概念，2004年成立了生物条形码联盟，目前有来自50个国家的两百多个组织成为其成员，2007年5月加拿大Guelph大学组建了世界上第一个DNAbarcoding鉴定中心，2009年1月正式启动“国际生命条形码计划”，中国科学院代表中国与加拿大、美国和欧盟共同为iBOL4个中心节点。线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶基因COI具有引物通用性高和进化速率快等优点，是理想的动物DNA条形码，不过，COI在植物中应用效果较差，因此，核糖体ITS序列和质体rbcL、matK和trnH—psbA等序列也相继被引入植物的DNA条形码研究。虽然DNA条形码研究还处于起步阶段，面临巨大挑战，但是，越来越多的研究表明DNA条形码可以广泛应用于生物的分类和鉴定，是一种简便、高效、准确的物种鉴定技术，已经在动物、植物和微生物等研究中取得了显著成果，是生命科学领域发展最快的学科前沿之一。本文从DNA条形码的开发、应用、国内相关文献研究现状、DNA条形码面临的挑战以及发展前景等进行了综合分析，以期推动我国DNA条形码和分类学研究的发展。

Current Progress of DNA Barcoding

DNA barcoding is a new life identification system which can distinguish species rapidly and accurately by analyzing standard short DNA sequences with enough variation. In 2003, the concept of DNA barcoding was formally proposed by Hebert and his colleagues, Canada biologists from University of Guelph. In 2004, Consortium for the Barcode of Life （CBOL） was subsequently constructed. There are more than 200 group members from 50 different countries in CBOL. The first DNA barcode identifying center came into existence in the University of Guelph in May, 2007. In January, 2009, International Barcode of Life （iBOL） was started up. Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy of China, was one of four subcenter of iBOL, the same as others in Canda, USA and European Union. Mitochondrion cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （CO I ） was ideal DNA barcoding sequence for animal because of its various advantages, such as high primer universality and evolutionary rate. However, CO I was not so good DNA barcoding in plant as in animal. Thus, ribosome Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS） and plastid rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA sequences were used as DNA barcoding in plant studying. Although it is on the initial phase for DNA barcoding, facing great challenge, more and more studies showed that DNA barcoding can be widely used in life taxonomy and identification. DNA barcoding, a simple effective accurate species identification method, is now one of the fastest development discipline hot in biological study. Here, in order to promote develonment of Chinese study in DNA barcoding and taxonomy, we introduced DNA barcoding screening, application,present studying status in China, challenges and future prospects for DNA barcoding development.