腥臭卫矛花发育过程挥发性成分的SPME-GC-MS分析

目的 探究腥臭卫矛花发育过程挥发性成分的变化及腥臭味的成因。 方法 运用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（SPME-GC-MS）分别对腥臭卫矛（Euonymus sanguineus Loes. var. paedidus L. M. Wang）花不同发育时期及开花时不同部位的挥发性成分进行分析，并通过主成分分析法（PCA）与聚类分析法（HCA）分析其特征挥发性成分。 结果 共鉴定出58个化合物，以醇类（11.93%～69.66%）和烃类（14.47%～57.94%）为主，主要为芳樟醇（0.15%～70.79%）、叶醇（0.41%～65.51%）、苯乙腈（0.04%～62.20%）、2-乙烯基-1, 1-二甲基-3-亚甲基环己烷（0.02%～32.99%）、(E)-β-罗勒烯（0.25%～21.26%）、α-蒎烯（0.02%～20.41%）、D-柠檬烯（1.01%～11.74%）和水杨酸甲酯（0.14%～6.14%）。腥臭卫矛花不同发育时期（V1～V5期）和开花期花瓣（Y1）、花盘（Y2）中的挥发性化合成分差异较大。基于PCA和HCA分析，腥臭卫矛花发育的5个时期与开花时（V5期）不同部位的挥发性成分被聚成4大类，V1和V2期属于叶醇型；V3与V4期聚为1类，成分复杂，化学型不明显；V5期和Y1为芳樟醇型；Y2属于苯乙腈型。 结论 腥臭卫矛花不同发育时期挥发成分差异较大，腥臭味来源于花绽开时花盘释放的大量苯乙腈。

SPME-GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Components in Euonymus sanguineus var. paedidus Flowers at Various Development Stages

Objective To study the changes of volatile components in Euonymus sanguineus var. paedidus flowers at 5 development stages (V1 to V5) and the causes of its pungent odor. Method The volatile components at various development stages and in petal (Y1) and disk (Y2) of E. sanguineus var. paedidus were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) as well as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Result A total of 58 components accounting for 96.51%-98.56% of total were separated and identified. The major constituents were linalool (0.15%-70.79%), leaf alcohol (0.41%-65.51%), phenylacetonitrile (0.04%-62.20%), 2-ethenyl-1, 1-dimethyl-3-methylene-cyclohexane (0.02%-32.99%), (E)-β-ocimene (0.25%-21.26%), α-pinene (0.02%-20.41%), D-limonene(1.01%-11.74%)and methyl salicylate(0.14%-6.14%). The volatile components in all samples were dominated by alcohols (11.93%-69.66%), followed by hydrocarbons (14.47%-57.94%). Analysis of the volatile components revealed the qualitative differences among the samples studied. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the volatile constituents at various development stages and in parts of E. sanguineus var. paedidus flowers were grouped into four different chemotypes. V1 and V2 were leaf alcohol (type I), V3 and V4 were complex and not obvious (type II), V5 and Y1 were linalool, (type III) Y2 was phenylacetonitrile (IV). Conclusion The volatile constituents of E. sanguineus var. paedidus are different at different development stages and the pungent odor is mainly related to phenylacetonitrile released by flower disk at flowering.