福建莆田枇杷营养状况的调查与评价初探

通过对莆田代表性枇杷园土壤的农化性状及相对应的枇杷叶样的矿质营养状况的调查分析,结果表明：土壤酸度偏低,58.17%的果园土壤pH〈5.0,且pH对枇杷树体的矿质营养影响最大,土壤pH与叶片的P、K、Zn和Mn含量呈显著或极显著的负相关,与Mg、Cu含量呈显著正相关;有机质、有效钾、代换性钙和代换性镁含量属中上水平,全氮、有效铜和有效钼含量属中下水平,碱解氮和有效硼普遍较缺乏,而有效磷、有效锌、有效铁和有效锰则较丰富。枇杷树体N、Fe、B和Mo营养水平普遍比较适宜,P、Cu营养水平中等偏丰富,Zn、Mn营养较丰富,但K、Ca、Mg绝大多数样品表现为缺乏。除土壤全氮、代换性镁与叶片的N、Mg含量分别呈显著和极显著正相关外,其它的土壤农化指标与叶片的矿质营养含量相关均不显著,说明难于利用土壤分析结果来判定枇杷矿质营养状况,通过土壤施肥亦不易立即提高树体营养。

Investigation and Evaluation on Nutritive Condition of Loquat in Putian County

The agrochemical characters of typical loquat garden soil and the mineral nutrition of loquat leaves in Putian were investigated.The results showed that for about 58.17% loquat gardens in Putian,the values of soil pH were low(pH<5.0),indicating that the soil acidity was high.It was revealed that the value of soil pH presented significantly negative correlation with the contents of P,K,Zn and Mn,and positive correlation with the contents of Mg and Cu in loquat leaf.For the loquat garden soil in Putian,the contents of organic matter,effective K,replaceable Ca and replaceable Mg were high,and the contents of the alkali dispelled nitrogen and effective B were absence,and the contents of effective P,effective Zn,effective Fe and effective Mn were rich,while the contents of total N,effective Cu and effective Mo were lower than those of normal level.As for the nutrients in loquat leaf,the mineral contents for N,Fe,B and Mo were favorable,for P and Cu were high,for Zn and Mn were rich,while for K especially for Ca and Mg were too low.Except for the contents of total N and replaceable Mg in loquat garden soil showed marked positive correlation with the levels of N and Mg in loquat leaf,the others presented no significant correlation,suggesting that it was difficult to evaluate the nutritive condition of loquat by soil analysis,and to improve fruit nutrition immediately by soil fertilization.