温室膜下滴灌灌水控制下限与番茄产量、水分利用效率的关系

 【目的】在探讨温室膜下滴灌不同生育时期灌水控制下限与番茄产量、水分利用效率的关系的基础上，找出适宜的番茄生育前、后两时期灌水控制下限组合。【方法】采用了日光温室小区作物栽培试验的方法，对试验数据做多元回归分析。【结果】番茄的耗水量多少、产量的高低是番茄生育前期和后期灌水控制水平综合作用的结果；后期灌水控制下限的高低对于全生育期灌水量的影响要高于前期，而前期灌水控制下限对产量的影响比后期更加明显；水分利用效率随番茄产量增加呈抛物线型变化，当产量为9.69 104 kg·ha-1时，水分利用效率有最小值62.28 kg·m-3。【结论】温室覆膜滴灌栽培番茄，应将各个生育时期的灌水控制下限控制在适宜范围内，综合考虑节水、增产和提高劳动生产率等多种因素，番茄生育前期和后期灌溉控制下限土壤水吸力值分别控制在20和60 kPa左右为宜；与番茄生育后期相比更应加强对番茄生育前期的水分调控管理。研究结果可为温室覆膜滴灌蔬菜栽培的水分合理调控提供理论依据。

Relationship Between Low Irrigation Limit and Yield, Water Use Efficiency of Tomato in Under-Mulching-Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse

【Objective】Based on the relation between low irrigation limit and yield, water use efficiency of tomato in under-mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse, the optimal combination of low irrigation limits in the earlier and latter stages was studied.【Method】A field plot experiment was conducted in greenhouse and multiple regression analysis was used to deal with the experimental data.【Result】Low irrigation limits at earlier and latter stages influenced mutually water requirement and yield of tomato. Low irrigation limit at latter stage had more important effect on total water requirement than that at earlier stage, meanwhile low irrigation limit at earlier stage affected more significantly the tomato yield than that at latter stage. There was a parabola regression relationship between yield and water use efficiency. When tomato yield was 9.69×104kg·ha-1, the minimum of water use efficiency would be 62.28 kg·m-3.【Conclusion】Considered various factors, saving water, increasing yield, improving water use efficiency et al, it is advantageous to gain high yield when the soil water suction of low irrigation limits in earlier and later stage is 20 kPa and 60 kPa respectively. It is more important to enhance water management at earlier stage than that at latter stage. The results will enrich water regulation theory in under-mulching-drip irrigation in greenhouse.