淮北平原不同地下水埋深对作物生长发育及产量的影响

浅埋区地下水位对作物生长有较大影响,为探明不同作物最适宜的地下水埋深,在五道沟水文水资源实验站开展了系列原型观测实验,探寻砂姜黑土和黄潮土两种土壤,分别种植小麦、大豆、玉米情况下的最优地下水埋深控制。结果表明：（1）不同作物在不同土壤上种植的最优地下水埋深不同：小麦和大豆在两种土壤上种植的最优地下水埋深均为1.0m;玉米在砂姜黑土上种植的最优地下水埋深为0.8m,在黄潮土上种植的最优地下水埋深为1.0m。（2）土质对作物产量的影响：种植小麦条件下,砂姜黑土产量比黄潮土高;种植大豆条件下,砂姜黑土产量比黄潮土低;种植玉米条件下,在[0.2,0.6]埋深区间,砂姜黑土产量比黄潮土高,在[1.0,5.0]埋深区间,砂姜黑土产量比黄潮土低。

Effects of Different Soil Textures on Crop Growth and Yield in Huaibei Plain

Groundwater level in shallow burial area has a great impact on crop growth. In order to rationally formulate irrigation and drainage standards in Huaibei Plain, a series of prototype observation experiments were carried out at Wudaogou Hydrology and Water Resources Experimental Station to explore the main crops of Shajiang Black Soil and Yellow Chao Soil. Optimal groundwater depth for wheat, soybeans, and corn. The results showed that: (1) the optimal groundwater depth for different crops planted on different soils was different: the optimal groundwater depth for wheat and soybean planted on both soils was 1.0m; the most cultivated corn on sand black soil The optimal groundwater depth is 0.8m, and the optimal groundwater depth for planting on yellow fluvo-aquic soil is 1.0m. (2) Influence of soil quality on crop yield: Under the condition of planting wheat, the yield of Shajiang black soil is higher than that of yellow tidal soil; under the condition of planting soybean, the yield of Shajiang black soil is lower than that of yellow tidal soil; under the condition of planting corn, in the depth range of [0.2, 0.6] The yield of Shajiang black soil is higher than that of yellow tidal soil. In the depth range of [1.0, 5.0], the yield of Shajiang black soil is lower than that of Huangchao soil.