基于文献数据的我国野猪危害农作物时空特征变化研究

野猪(Sus scrofa)危害农作物是人与野猪冲突的主要体现,经常带来巨大经济损失。研究利用1956年至2021年间的121篇文献数据,对野猪危害农作物的时间和空间特征进行研究。结果表明：(1)时间特征上,野猪对农作物造成的损失呈上升趋势。1956年—2000年农作物损失面积40.00±53.33 hm2^/年,损失金额23.25±34.03万元/年;2001年—2021年的农作物损失面积1520.00±4766.67hm2^/年,损失金额2506.65±12248.76万元/年。2000年后的农作物损失面积显著高于2000年前(p＜0.05);(2)从时间特征上看,我国野猪危害农作物均多发生在秋季,约占总体危害的50%,夏季仅次于秋季,约占总体危害的31%;(3)从空间特征看,我国的东北区、中南区、西南区、华东区、华北区、西北区野猪造成的农作物损失面积依次增加,其中最严重的是西北区,农作物损失面积与该区农作物播种总面积比值为(16.0±38.56)×10-⁴,损失金额14910.61±52212.95万元;东北区最少,农作物损失面积与该区农作物播种总面积比值为(1.63±4.39)×10-4^,损失金额591.37±967.15万元,但不同地区野猪危害损失农作物面积与农田播种面积之比均未发现显著的差异(p＞0.05)。研究为我国的野猪危害农作物进行科学精准防控提供依据,有助于减少野猪危害农作物带来的损失和有效缓解人与野猪冲突。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics on Crop Damage Caused by Wild Boarsin China Based on Literature Data

The damage of wild boar (Sus scrofa) to crops is the main appearance of human-wild boar conflict, which often leads to large economic losses. Using the 121 literatures from 1956 to 2021, wild boars damaging crop in China has been studied from spatiotemporal characteristics. The results showed that: (1) The overall loss caused by wild boar damaging crop showed an increasing trend from spatial characteristics. The area and the amount of wild boars damaging crop were separately 40.00±53.33 hm₂^/year, 232500±340300 CNY/year from 1956 to 2000, and 1520.00±4766.67 hm^₂/year and 25066500±122487600 CNY/year from 2001 to 2021. Both the area of wild boars damaging crop after 2000 are significantly higher than before 2000(p < 0.05); (2) From the spatiotemporal characteristics, wild boars damaging crop occurred mostly in autumn, about 50% of the total damage, and that in summer was next to in autumn, about 31% of the total damage; (3) From the temporal characteristics, Northeastern, South-central, Southwestern, Eastern, Northern and Northwestern China, the area of wild boars damaging farmland increased in turn, the most serious was Northwestern, the ratio of the area wild boars damaging farmland to the total area sown was (16.0±38.56)×10_-4^{, and} the amount of wild boars damaging farmland was 149106100±5221295 CNY; The least serious was Northeast, the ratio of the area wild boars damaging farmland to the total area sown was (1.63±4.39)×10_-4 ^and the amount of wild boars damaging farmland was 5913700±9671500 CNY. However, no significant differences were found in the ratio of the area wild boars damaging farmland to the total sown area in different regions (p > 0.05). The study provides reference for scientific and accuracy prevention and control of wild boar damage to crops in China, which helps to reduce the loss caused by wild boar damage to crops and effectively mitigate human - wild boar conflict.