整列定位夹切组合式马铃薯种薯切块装置设计与试验

针对目前马铃薯种薯切块机存在切种质量差和自动化程度低等问题,基于切种农艺与农机相融合的设计思想,设计了一种马铃薯种薯自动切块装置。通过整列定位输送机构完成种薯排列输送定位,经夹持取料机构和切刀机构组合作用下完成种薯切块过程,整机由PLC控制切块动作工序,实现了切种流程的自动化。结合典型种薯几何尺寸参数,完成马铃薯种薯切块装置的关键结构设计,对种薯切块作业过程进行理论分析,明晰影响种薯切块效果的主要因素和各因素的取值范围。以切种合格率、切种盲眼率为评价指标,以圆台辊组中心距、链条输送速度、V形刀具夹角为试验因素,进行三因素三水平响应面试验,通过Design-Expert 12.0.3软件对试验结果进行方差分析和交互作用分析,利用软件优化模块确定试验最优参数组合。在最优参数组合条件下进行种薯切块试验验证,验证结果表明：当圆台辊组中心距为101.60 mm、链条输送速度为0.019 m/s、V形刀具夹角为49.50°时,切种合格率为97.56%,切种盲眼率为1.27%,与优化值相对误差小于5%,表明优化后最优参数组合可靠性高,可以满足种薯切块要求。

Design and Experiment of Seed Potato Cutting Device of Sorting-positioning and Clamping-cutting Combined

In response to problems of poor seed cutting quality and low degree of automation in seed potato cutting machine,based on the design idea of integrating seed cutting agronomy and agricultural machinery, an automatic cutting device suitable for seed potatoes was developed. The seed potato sorting and positioning were completed by sorting-positioning conveying mechanism, and the seed potato cutting process was completed by the combination of the clamping-picking and cutting mechanism. The machine was controlled by PLC to realize the cutting action process and realize the automation of the cutting process. Combined with typical seed potato geometric size parameters, the key structure design of the seed potato cutting device was completed, the process of seed potato cutting was theoretically analyzed, and the main factors affecting the seed potato cutting effect and the value range of each factor were clarified. The qualified rate of seed cutting and blind rate of seed cutting were taken as evaluation indexes, and the center distance of round table roll set, chain conveying speed and V-shaped cutter angle were taken as experimental factors. The response surface test of three factors and three levels was conducted. The analysis of variance and interaction of the test results were conducted by Design-Expert 12.0.3 software. The optimal parameter combination conditions of the test were determined by optimizing the module design of the software, and the seed potato slices were verified under the optimal parameter combination conditions. When the center distance of the round table rolls was 101.60mm, the chain conveying speed was 0.019m/s, and the angle of the V-type cutting tool was 49.50°, the qualified rate of seed cutting was 97.56%, the blind rate of seed cutting was 1.27%, and the relative error with the optimized value was less than 5%, which indicated the optimized parameter combination had high reliability and can meet the requirements of potato seed cutting.