玛纳斯河流域生态环境质量时空分异评价

利用3S空间分析和地学统计分析方法,选取植被覆盖度、坡度、土壤等归一化生态指数,采用生态要素及功能叠加的转移矩阵模型,研究了新疆玛纳斯河流域生态要素及环境质量时空分异规律。研究得出:①总体上玛纳斯河流域仍保持山地、绿洲、荒漠的空间分异格局,生态环境整体质量较差,但转好趋势明显,城乡建设格局变化决定着局地环境动态演变。②人工绿洲、山前缓冲区生态质量最好但变化较快,农田内部的盐渍化虽然得到很好控制,但大量盐分被排入下游及周边,对自然绿洲造成新的危害。中山林草带植被覆盖、土壤恢复、水土保持较好。③2000-2008年流域生态环境质量缓慢好转,其中以生态环境质量由差转中为主,集中在古尔班通古特沙漠,虽然绿洲-荒漠过渡带生态恢复明显,但高山冰雪带不断萎缩;2008-2016年流域生态环境质量明显转好,其中以生态环境质量由中变良为主,集中在山前缓冲区,虽然山地-绿洲过渡带生态改善进程加快,但高山冰雪带仍持续退缩。

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Ecological Environment Quality in the Manas River Basin

The ecological environment and its spatial differentiation is the basis for the sustainable development in arid region,and it profoundly affects the socio-economic and healthy development pattern in oasis. As a typical inland drainage basin,the Manas River Basin was taken as the research area,and the 3S spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis were used to select the normalized ecological indexes (such as vegetation coverage,slope and soil),and the transfer matrix model of superposition of ecological factors and functions was applied to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation of ecological factors and environmental quality in the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang. The results could be concluded as follows:① In general,the spatial differentiation pattern of mountains,oases and deserts was still maintained in the Manas River Basin,the overall quality of the ecological environment was poor,but there was an improving trend. The change of urban and rural construction pattern determined the dynamic evolution of local environment.② The ecological environment quality of artificial oasis,mountainous area and piedmont buffer zone was the best,especially the vegetation coverage,soil restoration and soil and water conservation of mountain forest and grassland. The ecological quality of artificial oasis was the best,but the change was significant. Although soil salinization was controlled well,a big amount of salt was discharged into the downstream and surrounding areas,thus some new disasters were resulted in the natural oases.③ During the period of 2000-2008,the ecological environment in the drainage basin was slowly improved. Although the ecological regeneration in the oasis-desert ecotone was obvious,the shrinkage of alpine ice-snow continued. The ecological environment in the drainage basin was improved significantly during the period of 2008-2016.