近50年三江平原农业气象条件空间特征分析

[目的]研究近50年三江平原农业气象条件的空间分布特征。[方法]利用三江平原不同气象站点的气象观测资料,并使用这些数据计算各个站点的积温、潜在蒸散量等;采用克里金插值方法,生成了近50年三江平原多种气象要素的空间插值图,并对这些气象要素的空间分布特征进行了分析。[结果]三江平原年平均气温为2.5～4.5℃,气温随着纬度和海拔高度的增加而逐渐降低,且呈带状分布;降水空间分异明显,多年平均降水为500～600 mm,降水基本以西北-东南方向左右对称;多年平均风速为3.0～3.6 m/s,其空间分布与地形地貌的空间格局十分吻合;夏半年空气相对湿度较大,都在65%以上;;一年中该地区最大光照时数的分布与太阳赤纬的周年变化曲线类似,均呈正态分布,同时呈现出地理纬度差异性;日平均气温稳定通过10℃的持续日数为135～146 d,呈现明显的纬向分布趋势。[结论]该研究为三江平原农业生产的合组安排与气象灾害的有效防御提供了理论依据。

Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Meteorological Conditions in the Sanjiang Plain during Nearly 50 years

[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of agricultural meteorological conditions in the Sanjiang Plain during nearly 50 years.[Method] The accumulated temperature and potential evapotranspiration were computed based on meteorological observation data from different meteorological stations in the Sanjiang Plain,including temperature,precipitation,sunshine time,etc.A spatial interpolation map involving varieties of meteorological elements in nearly 50 years was generated based on the Kriging interpolation,and the spatial distribution characteristics of those meteorological elements were analyzed.[Result] Temperature of the Sanjiang Plain decreased with the increase of latitude and altitude,and generally the average annual temperature varied from 2.5 to 4.5 ℃,showing a zonal distribution.Precipitation of the Sanjiang Plain changed spatially and the average annual precipitation varied from 500 to 600 mm symmetrically in northwest-southeast direction.Spatial distribution of the average annual wind speed in the Sanjiang Plain was identical with the spatial pattern of topography here,and the average annual wind speed changed from 3.0 to 3.6 m/s in most regions.Relative air humidity of the Sanjiang Plain in the summer half year was relatively high and always above 65%.The maximum illumination hours of the Sanjiang Plain in one year distributed similarly to the annual changing curve of solar declination,and both of them presented a normal distribution and changed with geographic latitude.The days from the beginning to the end of daily average temperature ≥ 10 ℃ in the Sanjiang Plain were 135-146 d,and its distribution presented a latitudinal trend,with certain vertical zonality.[Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the reasonable arrangement of agricultural production and effective prevention of meteorologic disasters in the Sanjiang Plain.