1980～2010年青藏高原柴达木盆地太阳辐射变化特征研究

利用1980～2010年格尔木辐射观测站的太阳总辐射、日照时数、水汽压、能见度和云量等月气象资料,建立了适用于柴达木盆地太阳总辐射的多元回归方程,利用方程计算了柴达木盆地的太阳总辐射,进而分析了柴达木盆地太阳能资源变化特征和分布状况。结果表明,柴达木盆地太阳总辐射年变化曲线呈双峰态,从1月份开始增加,2～4月增长最快,至5月出现最大,5～7月变化平缓,8月份以后开始下降,最小值出现在12月份;柴达木地区年太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,平均减幅为78.5 MJ/(m2.10a),平均下降幅度为11.3%/10a;夏秋季太阳辐射均呈显著下降趋势,春冬季变化不明显;年太阳总辐射的减少主要是由于夏季太阳总辐射的减少造成的。区域内各气象站年和四季的太阳总辐射变化趋势与整个区域的气候变化趋势不完全同步;柴达木盆地是我国辐射资源最为丰富的地区,开发利用潜力大;空间分布趋势是西北高东南低。春、夏、秋和冬季分别占全年太阳总辐射的30.0、32.4、22.0和15.6%。

Variation Characteristic Analysis of Solar Radiation from 1980 to 2010 over Qaidam Basin of the Tibetan Plateau

The characteristics and distribution of solar radiation over Qaidam Basin were analyzed by multiple regression equation of solar radiation based on the data of mean solar radiation,sunshine hours,vapor pressure,visibility and cloud amount from 1980-2010 at Golmud.The results showed that the annual change of solar radiation over Qaidam Basin showed double peaks.It increased from January and reached the maximum in May and decreased from August and reached the minimum in December.The inter-annual change of solar radiation showed obviously decreasing trend over Qaidam Basin,with the average reduction amplitude 78.5 MJ/(m2·10a),11.3% 10a.The decreasing change of solar radiation was mainly affected by decreased in summer,because of the decreasing trend in autumn and winter are slowly,summer was obviously.The trend of solar radiation and climate change was not synchronous completely in four seasons in weather station over Qaidam Basin.The Qaidam Basin is the richest areas of radiation resources that have great potential for development and utilization.The spatial distribution is higher in the northwest than in the southwest.The percentage of solar radiation in spring,summer,autumn and winter in total solar radiation was 30.0%,32.4%,22.0% and 15.6% respectively.