高温干旱对南康甜柚的影响及其气候变化特征

利用南康196l-2011年逐日平均气温、最高气温、降水量和蒸发量等气象资料，分析了南康甜柚生长期间高温干旱的气候变化特征，提出了有关防御高温干旱的果园管理措施。结果表明，近51年南康平均每年出现高温日数为32．8d，以7月最多，8月次之；1961-2000年高温日呈减少趋势，其减少趋势率为0．46d／年；但进入21世纪以后，高温日呈增多趋势，其增多趋势率为3．07d／年。南康50年一遇的极端最高气温为40．2℃。南康20世纪60年代、21世纪初湿润指数最低为相对干旱期；20世纪90年代湿润指数最高为相对丰水期；20世纪70-80年代为干湿交替期。南康高温干旱灾害主要影响甜柚果实膨大和秋梢i隽发，生产中应采取不同的果园管理措施防御高温干旱对甜柚造成的危害。

Impact of High Tempera- ture and Drought on Nankang Sweet Pomelo and the Local Climatic Changes

According to daily average temperature, highest temperature, pre- cipitation and evaporation capacity of Nankang City from 1961 to 2011, cli- matic changes of the city in the growth season of Nankang Sweet Pomelo were analyzed, orchard management measures in view of the heat and drought were proposed. The results showed that the annual high temperature days in the past 51 years was 32.8 days, most in July and then in August; high temperature days reduced from 1961 to 2000 by 0.46 day per year; since the early of the twenty- firs century, high temperature days in- creased by 3.07 days per year. The ex- treme maximum temperature within 50 years in Nankang was g0.2℃. In the 1960s, and the early 21st century, the humidity index reduced the most to rela- tive drought period; in the 1990s, the hu- midity index increased the highest to relative wet season; the 1970s-1980s is the drought-wet transitional period. High temperature and drought restrains fruit development and germination of autumn sprouts, pertinent measures should be taken to resist against the damages caused by high temperature and drought to sweet pomelo.